It和There be句型
It和There be句型
作者:
来源:《阅读与作文(英语初中版)》2009年第03期
一、It句型
it的用法在初中英语语法中占有较重要的位置,现做一总结: 1. it用来指代时间、距离、天气等,在句子中 作主语
It's very cold here. 这儿天气很冷。 It's a long way to get there. 到达那里路途很遥远。
It's seven o'clock now. 现在是七点钟。 2. it指无生命的东西 -What's it? 这是什么? -It's a desk. 是一张桌子。 3. it用来指小孩,特别是婴儿
She had a baby. And it hasn't eaten anything. 她生了个小孩。这个小孩还没有吃东西呢。 -Whose is the child? -It's Mr Brown's.
这是谁的孩子? 是布朗先生的。 4. 根据某线索或某事实来问及是谁或某 物,用it.
-Where's our food? 我们的食物呢?
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
-Maybe somebody took it away. 或许有人把它拿走了。 -Who is it ? 谁?
-It's me,Tom. 是我,汤姆。 5. it用来充当形式主语
这时it位于句首,而真正的主语由动词不定式或that从句充当,后置。例如: It's good for our health to take enough exercise. 做足够的运动对身体健康有好处。 It's true that he has been back from Japan. 他已从日本回来这件事是真的。 6. it用来充当形式宾语
真正的宾语是动词不定式或that从句。例如: She finds it hard to work in the shop. 她发现在商店工作不容易。 He feels it his duty to help his sister. 他觉得帮助姐姐是他的职责。
The boss made it clear to his workers that everyone should be on time.老板向工人们讲清楚了每一个人都必须准时。 7. 使用it的固定句型
(1)It's no good/use doing sth..(做某事 是不好的/没有用处的)
(2)\"It be+被强调部分+ that从句\"强调主语、表语、宾语、状语。例如: It's no good complaining. 抱怨是没有好处的。
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
It's no use crying always. 总是哭是没有用处的。
It is Lei Feng that was always ready to help others. 雷锋总是愿意帮助别人。 It was yesterday that I heard from you. 我是昨天收到你的来信的。
二、There be句型
There be句型表示“某处有或存在某人或某物”,该句型在使用时应注意以下几点。 1.句型搭配
句型构成:“引导词There+连系动词be+主语 (人/物)+地点(介词短语或副词)”。例如: There is a book on the table. 桌子上有一本书。
There is an apple over there. 那儿有一个苹果。 2.名词及主谓一致
当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,其谓语必须用单数is;当主语是可数名词复数时,其谓语必须用复数are。例如: There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。
There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
如果There be句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时,则根据离谓语be最近的名词的数确定be的形式,即该名词是单数,be用is;该名问是复数,be用are。例如: There is a bird and two boys in the tree. 树上有一只鸟和两个男孩。 There are two boys and a bird in the tree. 树上有两个男孩和一只鸟。 3.There be句型常用的修饰词与句式
(1)当主语是单数名词时常用不定冠词a/an来修饰;当表示有“一些”时,常用some于肯定句或表示建议、邀请的疑问句中,用any于否定句或疑问句中。例如: There are some girls in the room. 房间里有些女孩。
Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗?
(2)在构成一般疑问句时,其句型结构为: ①Is + there + a/an + 单数名词 + 介词短语? ②Is + there + 不可数名词 + 介词短语? ③Are + there + any + 复数名词 + 介词短语?
回答用Yes,there is/are.或No,there isn't/aren't.例如: -Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗? -No,there isn't. 没有。
-Are there any children near the door? 门边有些孩子吗? -Yes,there are. 有。
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
(3)There be句型的特殊疑问句构成为: ①How many + 复数名词 + are there +介词短语? ②How much + 不可数名词 + is there+ 介词短语? 这种句型主要用来询问“某处有多少人或物”。例如: How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生? 4.There be结构中常用的谓语动词
There be这种结构,谓语动词除be之外,还可用live,lie,exist,stand,remain,go,come等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词。例如: Long,long ago,there lived a king. 很久很久以前有个国王。
There stands a tall tree on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有一棵大树。 There goes the bell for class. 上课铃响了。 There comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There remains much to be done. 还有许多事情要做。
5.There be结构中谓语动词的形式
There be结构中的谓语动词可以是“be going to/ seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/... + be(原形)”。例如:
There is going to be a heavy snow tonight. 今晚可能有场大雪。
There seems to be something wrong with the engine. 发动机好像有问题。
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
There happened to be a car nearby. 碰巧附近有辆车。
There used to be a hospital here. 从前这里有家医院。
There is likely to be a meeting at 5 o'clock. 五点钟可能有个会议。 6. There be句型与have(has)的用法区别
There be句型与have/has均表示“有”,但 There be句型强调“某处有某人/某物”,着重“存在”的状态;have/has则强调“某人有某物”,着重“所有”。例如: Three are children in my family。 我家有三个孩子。
I have three children.我有三个孩子。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容