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四级英语考试句子翻译练习

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    基础部外语教研室 刘娜 00二 二00二.六.六

    1.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(93年考题) 2.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.(94年考题)    一.前置法

    例 1 . The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety. 例2.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题)

    英语原文的定语 从句翻译成 带“的”的定语 词组, 词组, 放置于被 修饰的词之前。

    例1.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety. 例 1 . 第一种方法是同义词 法 , 即给出一个与要释义 的词在意义上几乎相同的, 的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face 表示countenance, 如用 face表示 countenance, face 表示 nervousness表示anxiety。 表示anxiety 用nervousness表示anxiety。

    例2.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites e n j o y . ( 9 0 年 考 题 )    例2.相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的 差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白 人在教育及其他外界环境方面所 享有的许多有利条件而造成的。    二、后 置 法

    把原文定语从句翻译 成并列的分句, 成并列的分句 放置于它所修词的后面。例如: 放置于它所修词的后面。例如:

    例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.

    他们正在为实现 一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人 所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人 曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。

    例4.His wife, Betty, is a Shanghai-born Chinese Shanghaiwho left China at the age of eight, and whose book, “The Moon”, tells of her sister Sansan’s life in China. 他的妻子蓓蒂是一位出生在 上海的华人,八岁离开中国, 上海的华人,八岁离开中国,写 过一本题为《月亮》的书, 过一本题为《月亮》的书,记述 她妹妹姗姗在中国的生活。

    对英语中有些兼有状语从句 职能的定语从句,可翻译成汉 职能的定语从句 可翻译成汉 语中相应的偏正复合句。

    例5.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 例6.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得 来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。

    例7.In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or

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 factories. (85年考题) (85年考题)

    在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格 工作人员将各种数据、 和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解 他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。 他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。    一. 翻译成汉语的主动句

    1.英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语

    例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.

    其他问题将简单地加以讨论。 其他问题将简单地加以讨论。    例2. Nuclear power’s danger

    to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.

    核能对健康、安全, 核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构 成的危险可以用一个词-辐射来概括 辐射来概括。 成的危险可以用一个词 辐射来概括 。

    2.例3.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.

    例4. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.

    电视使人了解时事, 人们常说,电视使人了解时事,熟 悉科学政治领域的最新发展变化, 悉科学政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断地为观众提供各种既 有教育意义又有趣的节目。 有教育意义又有趣的节目。

    例3.Television, it is often said, said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining . entertaining.

    例4. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. personality .

    人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在

    很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未 来的人品。

    将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增 补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。

    可适用于这一翻译方法的常用结构: 可适用于这一翻译方法的常用结构: It is asserted that…有人主张 有人主张…… 有人主张 It is believed that…有人认为 有人认为…… 有人认为 It is generally considered that…大家 大家 一般人)认为…… (一般人)认为 It is well known that…大家知道(众所 大家知道( 大家知道 周知) 周知)…… It will be said…有人会说 有人会说….. 有人会说 It was told that…有人曾经说 有人曾经说….. 有人曾经说    3. 将英语原文中做状语的介词 短语翻译成译文的主语。例如:

    例5.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(93年考题) 许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无 法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为 这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练 才能掌握。

    4. 翻译成汉语的无主句。例如: 翻译成汉语的无主句。例如:

    例6. Great effort should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.(82年考题) 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人 吸烟的危害,特别是吸上烟 瘾 后 的 可 怕 后 果 。    适用于此翻译方法的常用结构:

    It is hoped that…希望…… It is reported that…据报道…… I t i s s 

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a i d t h a t … 据 说 … . . It is supposed that…据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration t h a t … 可 以 毫 不 夸 张 地 说 … … It must be admitted that… 必须承认 …… that… 必须承认…… It must be pointed that … 必须指出 …… that… 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that…由此可见…… that…由此可见……    5. 翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:

    例7. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

    二 翻译成汉语的被动语态。

    例8. Early fires on the earth were

    certainly caused by nature, not by Man.

    地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是 人类引燃的。 人类引燃的。

    例9. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. ( 95年考题 ) science . 95 年考题) 工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源 泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家 和科学思想家们忽视了。 和科学思想家们忽视了。

    1.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(认知的)areas such as attention and memory.

    头脑里会产生生化变化, 头脑里会产生生化变化,使头脑 在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域 中更加有效地活动。 中更加有效地活动。

    1.研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时, 研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时 人员证实人们在动脑筋时,

    2. Too often we believe what accounts for others‘ success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. mysterious. 2.我们常常相信别人的成功是由于某 我们常常相信别人的成功是由于某 种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇, 种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇 , 但成功极少是如此神秘的。

    3 . The door of this was always kept shut,but a broken window high in the wall was an invitation to any normal cat. cat . 3.这里的门总是关着的,但是墙上 这里的门总是关着的, 这里的门总是关着的 方 的 那扇破窗户对于任何一只普 通的猫来说的确是一种诱惑。

    4. For the population as a whole,we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides(杀虫剂) pesticides(杀虫剂) that invisibly pollute our world. world. 4.从人口的总体考虑 , 我们必须更多的 从人口的总体考虑, 从人口的总体考虑 关注摄入少量的, 关注摄入少量的,在不知不觉中污染我 们世界的杀虫剂所造成的延缓效应。 们世界的杀虫剂所造成的延缓效应 。

    5. Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident self(不证自明的,不言而喻的) principles. 不证自明的,不言而喻的) principles.

    5.以亚里士多德为例 , 他的自然科学思想统治 以亚里士多德为例, 以亚里士多德为例 了西方二千年。亚里士多德认为, 了西方二千年。亚里士多德认为,人类可以通 过不言而喻的法则进行推理来了解现实世界。 过不言而喻的法则进行推理来了解现实世界。

    6 . He still has the Purple Heart awarded him after he was wounded, although he has had a difficult time keeping it. His girlfriends, explains it. the bachelor,have wanted to wear it. it. 6.他仍保存着受伤之后被授予的紫心 勋章,虽然有一阵差一点留不住它。 这位单身汉解释说,他的几位女朋 友 都 曾 想 佩 戴 这 枚 勋 章 。

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    7. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food,space and natural resources,it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birth rate,whatever the consequences maybe. 7.在发展中国家,无限膨胀的人口对 有限的食品,空间和自然资源造成了 巨大的压力,因此,政府的当务之急 就是控制生育,无论其后果如何。

    8 . N ew s a fe t y rule s we re of t e n introduce d as a result of thes e inquires; inquires;however, the new rule;came rule; too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously wounded. wounded. 8.新的安全法规的提出往往是这 些调查的结果,然而,新法规对 于保护那些已经死亡或严重受伤 的人来说,是来的太迟了。

    9. Often however,the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they them. discover that they have very little in common with each other . other. 9.然而父母对子女的期望过高往往 然而父母对子女的期望过高往往 也使两代人产生隔阂。 也使两代人产生隔阂 。 他们常常 感到彼此之间很少有共同之处。 感到彼此之间很少有共同之处 。

    10. These souvenir collectors chip off 10. pieces of stone when the guards are not looking . This activity looking. seems to be tolerated by other tourists standing nearby,as few complaints are ever recorded . recorded.

    掉一些石屑。 掉一些石屑。旁观的旅游者似乎对此行 为采取容忍态度, 为采取容忍态度,因为几乎没有什么人 埋怨。 埋怨。    10.这些纪念品收集者趁警卫没看见时敲

    1 2 . The c re at ion of s y nt he t ic protein from petroleum to help feed men and cattle is high on the list of current oil company research projects in some countries. 12.从石油中制造蛋白质来为人类和牲畜 从石油中制造蛋白质来为人类和牲畜 提供食物, 提供食物,在某些国家已成为石油公司 当前研究计划中的重要项目。 当前研究计划中的重要项目。

    13. If you are interested in science,statistics,or engineering,which are based on mathematics,you will need to be an expert in this field.

    13.如果你有志于科学 , 统计学或 如果你有志于科学, 如果你有志于科学 工程学等以数学为基础的学科, 工程学等以数学为基础的学科,那 你在数学方面也应是一个专家 。

    14. The problem has been how to 14. make use of the tremendous power which the earth receives from the sun every day.

    14.地球每天都从太阳那里获得巨大的 地球每天都从太阳那里获得巨大的 能量,问题是如何利用这些能量。 能量,问题是如何利用这些能量。

    15 . By experimentation,imagination,and 15. reasoning,mathematics are discovering new facts and ideas that science and engineering are using to change our civilization. 15.数学家们通过实验、想象和推理, 数学家们通过实验、想象和推理,

    正在不断发现各种新的论据和新的概 以便供科学家们和工程师们 念,以便供科学家们和工程师们用来 改造我们的文明世界。 改造我们的文明世界。

    16. So my chances of getting to China 16. are pretty slim,although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport tha t will e na ble me t o v is it t he countries of socialism.

    16. 因此 , 我到中国来的希望相当渺茫 , 因此,我到中国来的希望相当渺茫,

    虽然我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护 照,以便访问社会主义国家。

    17. It is not a place where anyone 17. would particularly expect to see strangers on the street.

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    17.这里,人们特别不容易在街上见到 这里,    陌生人。 陌生人。

    18. An observer watching the sky on 18. any clear moonless night can easily observe streaks of light flashing across it every now and then.    18.一位星空观察者在任何一个晴朗无 一位星空观察者在任何一个晴朗无 月的夜空里, 月的夜空里,都能很清楚地观察到时 而划过夜空中的光的条痕。 而划过夜空中的光的条痕。

    19. Had Kenneth Copley(肯尼斯.科 19. 肯尼斯. 普利) 普利 ) left his new play,Sunshine Charley,on his writing desk rather than allowing it to be brought to the stage,he would have been doing theater-goers a favor.

    19.假如肯尼斯 科普利把他的新剧 假如肯尼斯.科普利把他的新剧 假如肯尼斯 欢乐的查理》丢在案头, 本,《欢乐的查理》丢在案头,而 不是准其上演的话,那他就是在为 不是准其上演的话, 常去看剧的人作件大好事。 常去看剧的人作件大好事。

    20. The problem of air pollution is 20. not easy to solve,but more will have to be done to prevent the poisoning of the air we all must breathe. breathe . 20.空气污染问题是不易解决的, 但为 空气污染问题是不易解决的, 空气污染问题是不易解决的 了防止我们大家所必须呼吸的空气被 毒 化 , 必 须 做 更 多 的 努 力 。

    21. Without any preliminary talk and 21. quite suddenly and abruptly, he had told her that he was a victim of heart disease and might die at any moment. moment. 21.他未经任何预先透露,而且十分突 他未经任何预先透露,    然和生硬地告诉她说他患了心脏病, 然和生硬地告诉她说他患了心脏病, 并且可能随时离开人世。 并且可能随时离开人世。

    22. The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist‘s time-keeping method. For this reason,scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more p r e c i s e t i m e - k e e p i n g . 22.科学观察和计算上的精确性总是受 科学观察和计算上的精确性总是受 制于科学家使用的计时方法。因此, 制于科学家使用的计时方法。因此, 科学家们对那些能更精确计时的仪器 情有独钟。 情有独钟。

    23. It was not yet eleven o‘clock when 23. a boat crossed the river with a single passenger who had obtained his transportation at that unusual hour by promising an extra fare.

    23.快到( 夜间 )十一点钟时 ,一 快到(夜间)十一点钟时, 快到 只小船只载着一位乘客渡河, 只小船只载着一位乘客渡河 , 这 位乘客答应在这非常的时候多付 船 费 才 得 以 乘 船 过 河 。

    24. Since families have similar genes 24. as well as similar environment,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both . both. 24.由于家族具有相似基因,又具有相似的 由于家族具有相似基因, 由于家族具有相似基因 生活环境, 生活环境 , 家族遗传疾病可能归因于基因 的影响或环境因素,或两者兼而有之。

    25. A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876 - 1937 )( 艾尔沃斯. Huntington( 1876- 1937)( 艾尔沃斯 . 亨廷 顿),concluded from other man‘s work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on o u r m e n t a l a b i l i t i e s .

    25.著名科学家艾尔沃斯 亨廷顿(1876著名科学家艾尔沃斯.亨廷顿 著名科学家艾尔沃斯 亨廷顿( 1937)从他人的研究工作中以及他自己 ) 对生活在不同气候条件下的民族的研究 中得出结论: 中得出结论:气候和气温对人们的智力 有一定的影响。 有一定的影响。

    27. The latter ignores the higher cost 27. of providing full services to a scattered community and both money and time of journeys to work for the suburban resident.

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    27.后者忽视了向分散居住的社区提供 后者忽视了向分散居住的社区提供 充分的服务需要较高的花费, 充分的服务需要较高的花费,以及郊 区居民上下班既费钱又费时间。

    28. Like most people,I was brought 28. up to look upon life as a process of getting. getting.It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery:givingdiscovery:giving-away makes life so much more exciting. 28.像大多数人一样, 我受到的教育是把 像大多数人一样, 像大多数人一样 生活看成是一个“ 索取” 的过程, 生活看成是一个 “ 索取 ” 的过程 , 直到 我三十八九岁时我才得到一个重要的发 现:“给予”使生活更加激动人心。    29. There is no doubt that many similar 29. scientific and technological developments will have taken place by the time the writers of the 2030s sit 2030s down to look forward another 50 years to speculate on life in the 2080 s . 2080s

    29.无疑, 许多类似的科学和技术发展将在 无疑, 无疑 二十一世纪三十年代发生, 二十一世纪三十年代发生 , 那时候的作家 们坐下来讨论并展望再过五十年, 们坐下来讨论并展望再过五十年 , 即二十 一 世 纪 八 十 年 代 的 生 活 情 景 。

    30 . On the Thursday after that she 30. went out at her usual time,dressed as usual,but she didn't go to the club. club.Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. 30.此后的那个星期四 , 她又在同样的时 此后的那个星期四, 此后的那个星期四 与往常一样的穿着出去了。 间,与往常一样的穿着出去了。但她这次 没有去俱乐部,而是抄近路, 没有去俱乐部,而是抄近路,穿过自家的 花 园 , 从 后 门 又 回 到 了 家 里

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