英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编4

(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)

1.Translate put the following passage into Chinese．(福建师范大学2004研，考试科目：写作与翻译)Some people say that money is what makes everything possible...I share a different opinion. I believe that money can be really horrible. Sure, with money one could afford to live ultimate desires, but what\"s really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. Money and wealth disguise all the humanity of life. So many people wonder about every day of their lives wishing to live a rich animation. Yet the part they miss in that\" wonderful\" life is the change that takes place in themselves. To gain something one must be willing to exchange something, and for something as massive as money, the price is breathtaking. Nevertheless, some see it as reasonable amount and even more agree to the trade: even if the price is the one most important gift from God. All one must pay is their soul.These innocent victims of greed and selfishness are blinded from all but bills of disgusting green. Pretty soon they are jailed inside their own world of rotten filth fooled by their philosophy that money is the most substantial thing on the face of this planet. Suddenly even the nicest restaurants in town fail to please them and so they move elsewhere seeking something—anything that will satisfy their lost and stolen senses. The braggadocio of their mammoth ego demolishes even the most patient hearts and so they become lonely predators of their own humanity. They look upon soul as thieves eyeing their every penny, and even their own mother to them is a burglar thirsty for green. They trust no one, think of no one, help no one, and in the process shed all love within them: hopeless, and helpless. Trapped in their own creation, these dreams are...and they say money is harmless—how could they say that? （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 有人说，钱能解决一切问题……我却并不同意。我认为，钱真的很可怕。当然，人有钱可以满足所有的愿望，但是问题的背后，是诸如“太多钱到底能为人做些什么”这类问题。金钱和财富伪饰生活的人性真谛。因此，许多人生活的每一天都在幻想奢望活成富有的人物。然而，他们错过这“美好”生活的部分恰是发生在自己身上的变化。为了得到某样东西，一个人就必须乐于做一个交换，而为了获得大量金钱，要付出的代价亦是惊人的。然而，一些人认为这个代价是合理的，更愿意进行交易，即使这个代价是来自上帝的一个最重要的礼物。一个人必须支付的是他们的灵魂。 因贪婪和自私所承受无辜的代价都被让人生恶的钞票所障目。不久他们都进了监狱，在这个认为钱最重要的星球上，人们被这样的人生哲学所迂弄。突然，即使在城里最好的餐馆也难取悦他们，所以他们到别处寻求，寻觅任何东西来填补他们遗失被侵占的是非感。即使是最大的耐心也被极度以自我为中心的自夸(者)泯灭了，他们成为自我人性的孤独捕食者。他们审视灵魂就如小偷虎视眈眈地看每一分钱，甚至自己的母亲对他们来说也是饥渴的窃贼。他们不相信任何人，不考虑任何人，不帮助任何人，在忙碌的过程中挥霍了无尽的爱，无望而且无助。深陷于自己的泥沼，这些梦想是……，而且他们说，钱是无害的——他们怎么能这样说呢?） 解析：

2.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：基础英语)Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction: psychology has lent its services to \"human engineering, \" an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the worker\"s physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker\"s psyche. The underlying idea can be formulated like this: If he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his out put and diminishes

friction. In the name of \" human relations, \" the worker is treated with all devices which suit a completely alienated person: even happiness and human values are recommended in the interest of better relations with the public, thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-know American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives:\" It\"s going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy...It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into practice. \" One speaks of \"human relations\" and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons:one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 在工业心理学领域的大部分研究都很关心如何提高工人们的生产率，以及如何减少他们工作中的阻力。心理学提供了它的理念“人体工程学”，是为了把雇主和雇员视作一种上油后可以更好工作的机器。虽然泰勒的理论主要涉及了运用工人体力的组织模式，但大部分的工业心理学家则主要关心对工人心理的运用。潜在的观点可以如此描述：如果工人在高兴的情况下能够更好地工作，增大产出并能减少阻力，那么就让他高兴，给他安全感，让他满意，或者给予其他的一些感受。以“人际关系”的名义，工人们所接受的同样适用于一个不相关的人。为了与公众保持更好的关系，快乐和价值观都可被运用。比如，据《时代杂志》报道，美国一位最有名的精神病学家对一千五百个超市高管说：“如果我们感到快乐的话，我们客户的满足感都会提高……如果我们能够把这些关于价值观、人际关系等的概念转化为实际行动，这对管理而言将会是有金钱方面的回报的。”一个谈到了“人际关系”，而一个意味着最不人性的关系；一个谈到了快乐，意味着驱逐最后疑惑和所有自发性的完美程序。） 解析：

3.Translate the following sentences into English．(武汉大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语)In general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking , America might be called a European colony. However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the A-merican scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populated, or so long politically independent of Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for:tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favorable of situations for the production of literature. As A-merican, the writer has distrusted Europe: as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European counterpart. At any rate, this was true of creative literature: the novel, the poem, and the play were for long inhibited in the United States. By and large, critical and historical writings have flowed more easily from American pens. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 总的说来，美国是按照欧洲，尤其是英国的先例而建立的。就文化而言，美国可以说是欧洲的一个殖民地。然而，这么说的目的是让人们注意到美国社会的复杂性。没有其它任何一个殖民地的居民成分像美国这样复杂，政治上脱离欧洲的时间如此漫长。没有任何一个起源于欧洲的国家，像它这样敏锐地意识到与欧洲文化的分歧和较之欧洲文化的优越性。贯穿美国历史的，也就是贯穿美国文学的，是一种双重意识：既眷恋旧大陆的模式，又憧憬新大陆的发展前途。昨日已成过去，但也值得留恋；明天已经在望，但也令人不安。这不是一个最适合文学创作的环境。作为美国人，身为作家的他不相信欧洲；可是作为一位作家，他又羡慕欧洲同行丰富的遗产。无论如何，就文艺创作而言，小说、诗歌和戏剧在美国长时期没有得到发展。一般来讲，美国作家对批评性和历史性的文章驾驭得更好。） 解析：

4.Translate the following English into Chinese．(武汉大学2011研，考试科目：英语综合) Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days,

or in sadness about friends who are dead. One\"s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy: one\"s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one\"s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one\"s mind more keen. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one\"s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 从心理学上讲，老年时期要预防两种危险。其一，是过分沉湎于过去。生活在回忆之中，或追悔昔日美好时光，或缅怀已故的好友，都无济于事。人的思想应该面向未来，面向尚可有所作为之事。这并非易事，一个人的过去是逐渐加码的重负。人很容易认为自己的感情，过去比现在更丰富，自己的头脑，也是过去比现在更灵活。 其二，是要避免依附于年轻人，寄希望于从他们的青春活力中汲取力量。当你的孩子长大后，他们想过自己的生活，如果你对他们仍然像小时候那样关怀备至，除非他们特别的麻木，否则你就很有可能成为他们的负担。我的意思并不是说应该对他们不闻不问，而是应当理性地去关心，如果可能的话，可以是仁慈的，而非感情用事的。动物在自己的后代一旦能够独立生存时，便不再照顾它们，但是由于人类的幼儿期太长，所以他们很难做到这样。 我认为，如果一个人对一些事物有强烈的兴趣爱好，并采取了适当的行动，那么他的晚年就是成功的。因为长期的经验在此可以结出累累硕果，而由于经验在此产生的智慧既有施展之地，又不至于咄咄逼人。） 解析：

5.Translate the following passage into Chinese by using proper translating strategies and methods．(中南财经政法大学2009研，考试科目：语言学、文学与翻译)Future historians, I hope, will consider the American fast food industry a relic of the 20th century—a set of attitudes, systems, and beliefs that emerged from postwar southern California, that embodied its limitless faith in technology , that quickly spread across the globe, flourished briefly, and then receded, once its true costs became clear and its thinking became obsolete. We cannot ignore the meaning of mad cow. It is one more warning about unintended consequences, about human arrogance and the blind worship of science. The same mind-set that would add beef to your chicken nuggets would also feed pigs to cows. Whatever replaces the fast food industry should be regional, diverse, authentic, unpredictable, sustainable, profitable and humble. It should know its limits. People can be fed without being fattened or deceived. This new century may bring an impatience with conformity, a refusal to be kept in the dark, less greed, more compassion, less speed, more common sense, a sense of humor about brand essences and loyalties, a view of food as more than just fuel. Things don\"t have to be the way they are. Despite all evidence to the contrary, I remain optimistic. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 我希望未来的历史学家会将美国快餐业看作是20世纪的遗迹——自成一套的态度、系统以及信仰，均产生于南加利福尼亚州，体现了它在技术上的无限信仰，能够迅速在全球蔓延，并以简单的形式繁荣起来，然后逐渐消退，一旦其真正的代价变得清晰，它的理念也就变得过时了。我们不能忽视疯牛病的意义。这是对意想不到的后果和对人类的傲慢以及对科学的盲目崇拜所发出的另一个警告。往你的炸鸡块里添加牛肉与用猪喂牛是同样的心态。无论什么取代快餐业，都应是区域性的、多样化的、正宗的、不可预测的、可持续的、盈利的和谦虚的。它要充分认识自身的局限性，人们不再变胖或上当受骗就能吃饱。新世纪可能会带来一致的急躁，拒绝一直被蒙在鼓里，不

贪婪，更富有同情的，欲速则不达，更多的是一种常识，一种品牌本质和忠诚的幽默感，一种把食物仅仅看作是燃料的观点，事情并不是它们现在的样子。尽管所有的证据都是相反的，我仍然很乐观。） 解析：

6.Translate the following passage into fluent Chinese by using proper translating strategies and skills．(中南财经政法大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)\"Duty\" , \"Honor\" , \"Country\"—those three hallowed(神圣的)words reverently dictate what you want to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are you rallying point to behold courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when these seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn(被遗弃的). Unhappily , I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean.The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but a flamboyant(华丽的)phrase. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite(虚伪的人), every troublemaker, and, I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold you for your future roles as the custodians(监护人，卫士)of the nation\"s defense. They make you for strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid.They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success, not to substitute words for action, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge: to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall: to master yourself before you seek to master others: to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past: to be servers, yet never take yourself too seriously, to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness:the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength.They give you a temperate will, a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, an appetite for adventure over love of ease. They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy and its inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 责任、荣誉、国家——这三个神圣的词庄严地提醒你想成为怎样的人、可能成为怎样的人、一定要成为怎样的人。它们将使你精神振奋，在你似乎丧失勇气时鼓起勇气，似乎没有理由相信时重建信念，几乎绝望时产生希望。遗憾的是，我既没有雄辩的辞令和诗意的想象，也没有华丽的隐喻向你们说明它们的意义。 怀疑者一定要说它们只不过是几个词、一句口号、一个浮夸的短语。很遗憾，每一个迂腐的学究、每一个蛊惑人心的政客、每一个玩世不恭的人、每一个伪君子、每一个惹是生非之徒，还有其他个性不甚正常的人，一定企图贬低它们，甚至对它们进行愚弄和嘲笑。 但这些名词的确能做到：塑造你的基本特性，使你将来成为国防卫士，使你坚强起来，认清自己的懦弱，并勇敢地面对自己的胆怯。 它们教导你在失败时保持自尊，不屈不挠，但胜利时要谦和；不以言语代替行动，不贪图舒适，而要面对重压和困难，勇敢地接受挑战；学会巍然屹立于风浪之中，但对跌倒者要给予同情；先律己而后律人；有纯洁的心灵和崇高的目标；学会笑，但不要忘记怎么哭；追求未来，但不可忽略过去；为人稳重，但不可过于严肃；要谦虚，才能铭记伟人的质朴、智者的开明、强者的细腻。 它们赋予你顽强的意志、想象的品质、感情的活力，从生命的深处焕发精神，以勇敢的姿态克服胆怯，勇于冒险而不贪图安逸。它们在你们心中创造奇妙的、意想不到的希望，以及生命的灵感与欢乐。它们就是以这种方式教导你们成为官员和君子。） 解析：

7.Translate the following passages into Chinese．(湖北大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I still keep in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood: in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous: in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water: in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling

waves, that were as many-tinted as an opal: where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced: the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, curvy trail that shone like silver: and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single gold leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances: and over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 我至今仍无法忘记初识蒸汽船的时候所看到的一幅美妙的落日图。夕阳晚照，浩淼的水面化作一片血红，在中间不远处红光闪耀成金黄；孤零零的一根原木在河中漂浮而来，呈一线醒目的黑色；河的一处，一条长长的斜影横落在水面上，闪闪烁烁；另一处，水面被荡漾的水波打碎，仿佛蛋白石般放射出斑斓色彩；陶红彩的最淡处是一片平缓的水面，覆盖着优美的呈辐射状的环形波纹，柔细而延续不断；河左岸是一片浓密的森林，一条长长的崎岖小径划破树林的一片荫翳，闪亮如银；一株光秃秃的枯树高耸于密林之上，仅存的一条带叶的枝干随风摇曳，像火焰闪耀在阳光洒下的一览无余的壮美之中。这里地势蜿蜒，光影浮动，峰峦叠翠，原野柔美；在整个美妙的画面上，或远或近，光彩飘移，每一刻都带来奇妙的新色彩，为之增辉。） 解析：

8.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: \" We hold theses truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. \"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood.…I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.…I have a dream today! When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God\"s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants—will be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, \"free at least, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. \" （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 我梦想着有一天，这个国家将会雄起，实现其立国信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理不言而喻：人人生而平等。” 我梦想着有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。 我梦想着有一天，我的四个儿女将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。 今日我有一个梦想!当我们让自由之声响起，并响彻每一个大村小庄和每一个州府城镇，我们就能让这一天加速到来。那时，上帝的所有孩子——黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教徒，耶稣教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那首古老的黑人灵歌：“终于自由了!终于自由了!感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了!”） 解析：

9.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2012研，考试科目：写作翻译)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the

stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.(Bertrand Russell: What I Have lived for) （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 三种简单却又无比强烈的激情主宰着我的一生，那便是对爱的渴望、对知识的探索，以及对人类遭受苦难的无尽怜悯。这些激情就像狂风，在变幻无常的生命旅途中，把我吹来吹去，吹过深重的苦海，直抵濒临绝望的边缘。 首先，我追求爱，因为爱能让人心醉。这种感觉美妙至极。为了几个小时爱的欢愉，我宁愿牺牲余生。我追求爱，还因为它排遣寂寞——在可怕的孤寂中，颤抖的灵魂越过世界的边缘看到的，是深不可测、毫无生气的冰冷深渊。最后，我寻找爱，是因为在爱的交融中，我看到了圣贤和诗人们所梦想的天堂神秘缩影。这就是我寻找的东西，尽管它美好得遥不可及，但我最终找到了。 我以同样的热情探索知识。我渴望了解人类的内心，也渴望知道群星闪耀的原因。我还想弄清毕达哥拉斯所推崇的数字力量，这种力量支配着万物变化。这些问题中很小一部分，我已经有了答案。 爱情与知识，引领我接近天堂，但是悲悯之心又将我拖回尘世。人们痛苦的呼号，在我心中回荡。孩童忍饥挨饿，人民饱受压迫，无助的老人被子女当作累赘，整个世界充斥着寂寞、贫穷和痛苦，这一切都使得人们本该过的生活沦为笑柄。我渴望能够减少这种罪恶，但我无能为力，因为我也在忍受折磨。 这就是我的一生。我觉得它值得一过。如果有第二次机会，我乐意再这样重活一次。(伯特兰?罗素：《我为什么而活》)） 解析：

10.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2011研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they can\"t afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn:while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy: they leave no litter. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 托切罗往日如孤云一般冷清，近日却成了威尼斯外围的一处旅游胜地。游客们或是乘汽轮，或是租快艇，抑或是坐游艇，蜂拥而至，其数量远超托切罗的正常接待能力；他们在河边纤道上终日漫步，究竟在寻找什么?大教堂装饰着早期的马赛克，上面画有地狱图案，多为修复之作，另外还有一幅身形巨大、神情哀伤冷峻的圣母像。品味拜占庭艺术需要专门培养，可游客中有此修养者不足十分之一。他们踱进教堂，漫无目的地四处张望，出去后就践踏乡村草坪。他们听说一把石椅是匈奴王阿提拉的宝座，就一个个坐了上去互相拍照。他们毫不怜香惜玉，碰到野玫瑰便辣手摧花。那些玫瑰在岛上含苞待放，才飘香一日，人们正期待其盛开，一经折断，便即枯萎，被弃于沟渠。美国人去小酒馆吃吃喝喝，英国人则声称消费不起，于是自带食物，进葡萄园野餐，身后留下令人遗憾的

一片狼藉。每周四，德国人都像出征一样，跟随导游循纤道列队而来。他们照例在饭馆里订五十份午餐，边吃边听领队用扩音器讲课。用罢午餐，还要列队进入教堂，再听一课。至少他们知道看的是什么。之后他们便列队回到船上。德国游客干净整洁，从不乱丢垃圾。） 解析：

11.English-Chinese Translation．(华中师范大学2010研，考试科目：写作翻译)Excerpt from Jane EyreSomething of daylight still lingered, and the moon was waxing bright: I could see him plainly. His figure was enveloped in a riding cloak, fur collared, and steel clasped: its details were not apparent, but I traced the general points of middle height, and considerable breadth of chest. He had a dark face, with stern features and a heavy brow: his eyes and gathered eyebrows looked ireful and thwarted just now: he was past youth, but had not reached middle age: perhaps he might be thirty-five. I felt no fear of him, and but little shyness. Had he been a handsome, heroic-looking young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand thus questioning him against his will, and offering my services unasked. I had hardly ever seen a handsome youth: never in my life spoken to one. I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination: but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctively that they neither had nor could have sympathy with anything in me, and should have shunned them as one would fire, lightning, or anything else that is bright but antipathetic.(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre) （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 白日的余光仍未消散，月亮的微光逐渐明亮。这时，我可以将他看清楚了。他裹着一件骑马的披风，戴着皮毛领，系着钢扣子。尽管体貌细节看不大清，但我估计，他大概是中等身材，胸膛很宽。脸色黝黑，面容严厉，眉毛粗重；他的眼神和紧皱的双眉，看上去是刚遭受了些挫折，愠气未消；他韶华已逝，但未及中年，大约三十五岁。我自觉并不怕他，只是有些腼腆。假若他是位容貌俊朗的年轻绅士，我恐怕不敢站在这儿逆他的心思去问他问题，不等他开口就主动提出要帮他。我几乎从未见过英俊的青年，一生中也未同一个英俊青年说过话。在理论上，我尊崇美丽、优雅、勇敢和魅力。但如果我见到这些品质体现在男性躯体中，我则本能地知道，它们不会、也不可能与我的品质产生共鸣，而我应该就像人们躲避火灾、闪电或任何明亮却令人反感之物一样，对它们避之不迭。(夏洛蒂?勃朗特《简?爱》)） 解析：

12.English-Chinese Translation．(华中师范大学2009研，考试科目：写作翻译)On Not Answering the TelephoneSuppose you ignore the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Think of the proverb: \"Ill news travels apace. \" I must say good news seems to travel just as fast. And think of the saying: \"The truth will out. \" It will. But suppose you answer the telephone when it rings. If, when you take off the receiver, yousay \"Hello!\" just think how absurd that is. Why, you might be saying \"Hello!\" to a total stranger, a thing you would certainly think twice about before doing in public, if you were English.But perhaps, when you take off the receiver, you give your number or your name. But you don\"t even know whom you are giving it to! Perhaps you have been indiscreet enough to have your name and number printed in the telephone directory, a book with a large circulation, a successful book so often reprinted as to make any author envious, a book more in evidence than Shakespeare or the Bible, and found in all sorts of private and public places. By your self-advertisement you have enabled any stranger, bore, intruder, or criminal to engage you in conversation at a moment\"s notice in what ought to be the privacy of your own home. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 论拒接电话 假如电话铃响起，你置之不理，又假如这次那人有重要事情要告诉你。我可以向你保证，如果这消息真的很重要，它迟早会传到你这里。俗话说：“坏事传千里”，可我一定要说好事好像也一样。再想想那句谚语：“真相终会水落石出的”，的确如此。但是假设当你听到电话铃响，你便去接。假如你拿起听筒说“喂”!试想一下那是多么可笑啊。为

什么呢?你可能正在对一个你完全不相识的陌生人说着“喂”，因为如果你是英国人的话，这的确是一件在公众场合你要三思而后行的事。 但是也许当你拿起听筒时，你会把你的电话号码或姓名告诉对方。可是你甚至都不清楚你告诉的人是谁呢!也许你太轻率地把自己的姓名和号码，随随便便就记到电话簿上去了，电话簿可是本销量极大的书，再版多次足以让任何作家羡慕不已，比莎士比亚的戏剧或者《圣经》更引人注目，而且可以在各种各样的公私场所找到。通过你自己的宣传，就会让任何陌生人、讨厌的家伙、私闯者或是罪犯，都能立刻闯入你家中的私生活，随时和你交谈。） 解析：

13.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)With the high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon: as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair : they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world\"s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain(英国皇家学会)includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting to find that even here, as one of its Fellows put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said! （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 随着专业化程度的提高，知识的疆界正以前所未有的速度不断拓展。然而，我们也为此付出了相当大的代价。现在一个科学家离开了他自己的专业就不会比一个傻子强多少，正像一个文学家对科技方面的重大进展几乎一无所知一样，这都是现代所特有的现象。同样，专业化也间接影响到了各行各业的普通人。以前仅仅是由于对它们本身感兴趣而去从事的许多活动，后来却往往被无可奈何地放弃了，因为专家们说，从事这些活动所需要的技巧得付出毕生的精力才能掌握。当你能在自家客厅里欣赏到世界上最杰出的钢琴家的演奏时，你干吗还要学钢琴呢? 渐渐地，人们之间的隔阂变得越来越深了。你简直没法儿跟你的邻居交谈工作上的事，哪怕他的工作跟你的相差不多。英国皇家学会的会员都是全国最优秀的科学家。然而，令人深感不安的是，正如它的一位会员所指出的那样，即便是在这里举办一次讲座，也只有10％的会员能够听懂其中50％的内容!） 解析：

14.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2006研，考试科目：翻译与写作)Modern intolerance is divided into three parts: the intolerance of laziness, the intolerance of ignorance and the intolerance of self-interest.The first of these is perhaps the most general. It is to be met with in every country and among all classes of society. It is most common in small villages and old-established towns, and it is not restricted to human beings.It is this variety of intolerance which makes parents shake their heads over the foolish behavior of their children: which has caused the absurd myth of \"the good old days\" : which makes savages and civilized creatures wear uncomfortable clothes: which fills the world with a great deal of superfluous nonsense and generally turns all people with a new idea into the supposed enemies of mankind.The second variety is much more serious.An ignorant man is, by the very fact of his ignorance, a very dangerous person. But when he tries to invent an excuse for his own lack of mental faculties, he becomes a terror. For then he erects within his soul a granite bulwark(花岗岩的堡垒)of self-righteousness and from the high pinnacle of this formidable fortress, he defies all his enemies to show cause why they should be allowed to live.People suffering from this particular affliction are both uncharitable and mean. Because they live constantly in a state of fear, they easily turn to cruelty and love to torture those against whom they have a grievance.There remains as a third category the intolerance caused by self-interest. This, of course, is really a variety

of jealousy and as common as the measles.When we attempt to discuss intolerance, we must constantly remember that we have to deal with a very complicated problem. Only upon very rare occasions do we find ourselves confronted with only one manifestation of these three separate forms of intolerance. Most frequently we can discover traces of all three varieties in the cases of perse-cution which are brought to our attention. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 现代人的“不容忍”可以分为三种：对懒惰的不容忍、对冷漠的不容忍以及对利己主义的不容忍。 第一种可能是最普遍的，几乎在每个国家，每个社会的每个阶层都会发现，尤其是在小村庄、旧式小镇最为普遍，而且，这种现象不只局限于人类。 就是这种偏狭思想，使父母反对孩子的愚蠢行为，编造“美好往日”的可笑说法，为野蛮人和驯化的动物穿上不合身的衣服，让世界充满废话，且常把想法新颖者变成人类的假想敌。 第二种更为严重。 一个无知的人，就光从无知这点来看，是一个很危险的人。但是当他试图为自己的无知找借口时，他就升级到了令人恐怖的人了。因为那时他的自以为是，就像他为自己竖起的花岗岩堡垒一样保护着自己的灵魂，站在这个不可战胜的堡垒的顶端，他展示着自己的合理存在，借此藐视所有敌人。 受这种思想影响的人缺乏容忍而且卑劣。因为他们常常生活在恐惧的状态下，所以很容易残酷地折磨那些他们心中怨恨的人。 利己主义还可带来第三种的“不容忍”。当然，这其实是另一种形式的嫉妒，就像麻疹一样普遍。 当我们试图讨论心胸狭隘时，要时刻意识到我们，面对的是一个十分复杂的问题。只有在非常罕见的情况下，我们才发现自己面对的是这三个不同形式的“不容忍”的其中的一个表现，多数情况下当我们身陷烦扰时，我们面对的是“不容忍”的所有这三种形式。） 解析：

15.English-Chinese Translation．(武汉理工大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)For generations I\"ve been honest, sound and reliable. My safety is legendary. Some call me Almighty. Others warn that worship of me is a sin. I am a dollar, or a buck. Each of these is 2. 61 by 6. 14 inch pieces of printed paper in your pocket or purse.Credit cards were supposed to have made me obsolete years ago, but people use me more than ever. In 1960, only $165. 16 was in circulation for each one of you. Now it\"s $888. 85.I\"m the world\"s most important currency. Without me, international trade would halt. The price of everything from Persian Gulf oil to Brazilian coffee is quoted in my name. Take a look at me: I carry an engraving of George Washington after Gilbert Stuart\"s painting. Bank tellers stack me face up so that they can look at George in the eye. It\"s a security feature. Counterfeit portraits often look dull or one-dimensional. Seven Presidents are shown on my other denominations, but it\"s unlikely you\"ve eyed Mckinley, Cleveland or Madison. No. $1, 000 or $5 , 000 bills have been issued since 1969 because demand is small. Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln\"s Secretary of the treasury, graces the $10, 000 bill.But only 345 of these are still in your hands. Chase and the three Presidents were retired from circulation in 1969: whenever one of them shows his face, the Federal Reserve Bank ships him to the treasury for destruction. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 几代以来，我一直诚实、稳健、可靠。我的安全性是一个传奇。有人说我是无所不能的，还有些人警告说对我的崇拜是一种罪恶。我是一美元，或者说是一块钱。每一张都是放在您口袋或钱包里的2．61×6．14英寸的印刷纸张。 信用卡本应该在几年前就使我的存在变得过时，但人们对我的使用却变得比以前任何时候都要频繁。在1960年，你们每个人对我的使用循环只有165．16美元，可现在却达到了888．85美元。 我是世界上最重要的货币。没有我，整个世界的贸易会停止。从波斯湾的石油到巴西的咖啡，每一样东西都以我标价。看看我：身披吉尔伯特?斯图尔特所画的图画、胸带乔治?华盛顿雕像。银行行员为了更加直观地正视华盛顿，在让我们玩叠罗汉的时候，规定大家都必须脸朝上。这是安全的标志，假币上的人物肖像通常看起来要么很呆板要么只有一维画面。七位总统印在我其他货币单位同胞身上，但不包括麦肯锡、克里夫兰德或麦迪逊等人。面值1，000或5，000美元的钞票于1969年开始发行，需求较少。林肯总统的财政部部长蔡斯增设了面值10，000美元的票据。但你们只掌握了这其中的345份。蔡斯和其他三位总统于1969年从货币循环的环境中退休，只要印着这三位总统头像的票据一出现，联邦储蓄银行就会将它们运到财政部进行销毁。） 解析：

16.English-Chinese Translation．(武汉理工大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in York-shire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature.Branwell\"s father and sisters hoarded their pennies to pack him off to London\"s Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure.Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would flee him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again.For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived:a failure. So died hope in the one male—but what of the three anonymous sisters?.Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition—in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne\"s Agnes Grey, Emily\"s Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte\"s Jane. Eyre.But years of sacrifice for Branwell had taken their toll. Emily took ill at her brother\"s funeral and died within 3months, aged 29:Anne died 5 months later, aged 30:Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed.No one remembers BranwelPs name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters\" tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would any mere beast of burden, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, courage—spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Bronte tragedy. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 大约150年前，在英国的约克郡，有一个乡村教区的牧师，他有三位聪颖可爱的女儿，但是他把希望却完全寄托在他唯一的继承人——儿子布兰韦尔身上，这个年轻人在艺术和文学上都有出众的天资。 父亲和姐妹们都省吃俭用，帮弟弟凑足盘缠，打点行装，送他上了伦敦皇家艺术学院。但是要指望他在艺术上有所成就，那他可就走错了门。不到几个星期，他就身无分文，败北而归。 然而家人并不就此罢休，他们又想方设法帮布兰韦尔弄到一份私人教师的活计，希望这份差事能够使他自由施展自己的文学才华，获取应有的功名，可这次又失败了。 几年来，无私的姐妹们压抑着自己的志向，应邀去学校任教或当家庭教师，以供养那债台日益高筑的弟弟。她们深信，总有一天，弟弟的天赋会得到社会的承认。然而，接踵而来的失败使布兰韦尔一蹶不振，他染上了酗酒、吸毒的恶习，最后临死时仍然与生前一样：一事无成。于是寄托在全家唯一男性身上的希望也随之破灭。而那三位默默无闻的姐妹，其命运又是如何呢? 姐妹们并不气馁，利用空余时间笔耕不辍，夜深人静时，她们秉烛而书，倾吐她们幽禁的情怀，抒写自己最熟悉的一切。她们描写了女性天生的追求与社会现状之间的冲突。实际上，她们所写的与其说是小说，倒不如说是自传!于是，19世纪的文坛就因安妮的《艾格尼斯?格雷》、艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》和夏洛蒂的《简?爱》的问世而大大改观了。 然而，多年来牺牲自己扶持布兰韦尔的三姐妹，终于为此付出了沉痛的代价!艾米莉在她弟弟葬礼的那一天得了病，三个月后便离开了人世，年方29岁；五个月后安妮也以30岁芳龄长逝；夏洛蒂则只活到39岁。假若她们能早日得到培养而不做出牺牲，该有多好啊! 现在，无人记得布兰韦尔的名字，更不用说他的艺术或文学了。然而从勃朗特三姐妹悲剧性的早逝中，我们学到的不仅是文学，更重要的是生命的真谛。她们牺牲了的天分向我们大声疾呼：在现代社会，我们不能像评价驮畜那样，仅仅以体力和性别来评估自己的子女了；而必须就正直、能力、责任心、勇气等男孩女孩都具有的精神品质来评价他们。中国，这个有幸拥有世界上最多的男孩和女孩的国家，如果不从勃朗特悲剧中吸取教训，就会重蹈覆辙，自食其果。） 解析：

17.Translate the following into Chinese．(湖南大学2007研，考试科目：英语语言文学专业基础)The claim that technology-based approaches to language learning are supportive of autonomy rests in part on an assumption, shared with resource-based approaches, that they provide learners with

opportunities to self-direct their own learning. In the case of CALL in particular, there is also an assumption that technology can provide learners with the kinds of support they need in order to develop skills associated with autonomy. This cannot be regarded as more than a potential, however, and a great deal depends on the ways in which technologies are made available to learners and the kinds of interaction that take place around them. In the case of CALL software, the degree of control offered to learners is often severely constrained by its structure and content. Text manipulation and computer-mediated communication applications offer greater opportunities for the development of control over learning content. They also offer opportunities for collaboration that are often lacking in other modes of self-access learning. But as in the case of self-access , it may be that learners require a degree of autonomy in advance in order to use new technologies effectively. Claims made for the potential of new technologies in regard to autonomy need to be evaluated against empirical evidence of the realization of this potential in practice. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 采用技术方法来学习语言有助于自主学习，这个论断部分是基于一种假设，这种假设和其他以资源为支撑的方法一起，为学习者提供了自主学习的机会。特别是在计算机辅助语言学习中，还有这样一种假设，技术还能为学习者提供所需的其他支持供其开发一些与自主学习相关的技能。然而我们并不能将这些看作是高于潜力的东西，毕竟，这在很大程度上依赖于学习者可用的技术和他们与周围的互动性。在计算机辅助语言学习软件的实践中，软件的内容和结构极大地限制了学习者对软件控制的程度。文本操控和以计算机为媒介的交流沟通的应用为学习者控制学习内容提供了好的发展机会，同时也提供了其他自主学习方式缺失的协作这一项，但和其他方式一样，需要学习者提前掌握一定自主权，这样就能更加有效地利用新的科技手段。关于自主性学习中潜在的新技术应用的论断还需要接受评估，避免在实践这种新技术时可能遇到的经验主义做法。） 解析：

18.Passage Translation．(中南大学2010研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)Honorable Your Excellencies Ministers and delegates, honorable specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be present at the Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum along with ministers and delegates in charge of cultural affairs from 23 Asian countries as well as specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments. Looking all around, I see not only many acquaintances but also new faces. The mutual target of achieving Asian prosperity through cultural cooperation offers us an opportunity to gather, to become acquainted and make friends. The theme of this Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum is \" Cultural Asia \" . Culture resembles a gentle breeze and light rain that nurtures and enriches us: and it also serves as a strong tie that binds and links us.Entering the 21st century, the whole globe is carrying out discussions on preserving cultural diversity against the background of economic globalization. UNESCO\"s Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, five international network meetings on cultural policies and two Asia-Europe Culture Ministers Meetings gradually bring home to us the importance of regional cooperation to Asian development and the equal stress on politics, economy and culture. Asian countries therefore commence active explorations in regional cultural cooperation based on long-term bilateral cultural exchanges. Two Meetings of the Asian Ministers Responsible for Culture and Arts and the AMCA Plus Three, two Regional Expert Meetings and three Asia Cultural Cooperation Forums in Hong Kong were held in Asia. The past five years was a development phase of great importance in the world and Asian history of culture and civilization, in which cultural ministers and officials present today participated to varying degrees. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案： 尊敬的各位部长和各位代表，尊敬的香港和澳门特别行政区政府的特邀嘉宾，女士们，先生们： 我很荣幸能够与来自亚洲23个国家负责文化事宜的部长和代表，以及来自香港和澳门特别行政区政府的特邀嘉宾，共同出席亚洲文化部长级论坛。在此，我看到了许多老朋友，也看到了新面孔。怀有通过文化合作而繁荣亚洲的共同目标，我们济济一堂，彼此结识、

成为朋友。本届亚洲文化部长论坛的主题是“文化亚洲”。文化如微风细雨，滋润哺育着人类。文化还是连接、团结人类的纽带。 进入21世纪以来，全世界都在讨论，如何在经济一体化的背景下，保护文化的多样性。通过联合国教科文组织发布的《文化多样性全球宣言》，五次文化政策全球网络会议以及两届亚欧文化部长级会议，我们逐渐认识到地区合作对促进亚洲发展的重要性，以及政治、经济和文化平等发展的重要性。因此，亚洲国家开始积极探索基于长期双边文化交流的地区文化合作。亚洲举办了两届亚洲文化及艺术部长会议，一届亚洲加三文化及艺术部长会议，两次地区专家会议，以及三届香港亚洲文化合作论坛。过去的五年是亚洲乃至世界文化史和文明史发展的重要阶段，今天在座的各位文化部长及官员都不同程度地参与到了这一发展当中。） 解析：

19.Passage translation(From English into Chinese)．(中南大学2010研，考试科目：翻译硕士英语)In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：在我们最初的人生道路上，父母无条件地给予我们关爱，教我们如何明辨是非善恶。然而我们常常认为父母这么做是理所当然的。只有当我们结婚生子后，才懂得去体会别人的感受。养儿育女能让人更有责任感、更成熟，能帮助我们更好地理解人生。） 解析：

20.Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away. （分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：物质带来的快乐是短暂的，但是，给他人带来欢笑而得到的快乐，让人有种无与伦比的成就感。心灵的平静是快乐的源泉。没有平和的心态，就没有快乐的心情。伤心时，我们才能真正理解快乐的宝贵。通常情况下，失去至亲、失败、绝望都会让我们悲痛。但，这些事情都是暂时的，总会过去的。） 解析：