2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析和听力原文卷一

2017年12月大学英语四级真题(卷一)

Part I Writing (25 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) It tries entertain its audience. B) It tries to look into the distance.

C) It wants to catch people's attention. D) It has got one of its limbs injured.

2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials. C) Its videos were posted on social media. B) It was filmed by a local television reporter. D) Its picture won a photography prize. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) The distance travelled. B) The incidence of road accidents. 4. A) Fewer people are commuting. B) Gas consumption is soaring.

C) The spending on gas.

D) The number of people travelling. C) Job growth is slowing down. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself. B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car. C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves. D) He washed a stranger's car in return for some food. 6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family.

B) He gave him a job at his own company.

C) He raised a large sum of money for him. 7. A) He works hard to support his family. B) He is an excellent student at school. Section B

D) He offered him a scholarship for college. C) He is very good at making up stories. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Attended an economics lecture. B) Taken a walk on Charles Street. 9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner. B) Make preparations for a seminar.

C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria. D) Had dinner at a new restaurant. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party. D) Visit some of his high school friends.

10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture. C) Meet with Jonathan's friends on the weekend. B) Throw a surprise birthday party. D) Join him in his brother's birthday celebration. 11. A) By car.

B) By train.

C) By taxi.

D) By bus.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Taking a vacation abroad. B) Reviewing for his last exam. 13. A) Preparing for his final exams. B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise. 14. A) Finish her term paper. B) Save enough money. 15. A) He has rich sailing experience. B) He speaks Spanish fluently. Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)

C) Saving enough money for a rainy day. D) Finding a better way to earn money. C) Working part time as a waiter. D) Helping the woman with her courses. C) Learn a little bit of Spanish. D) Ask her parent's permission. C) He is also eager to go to Spain. D) He is easy to get along with.

and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) She went to the same university as her mother. B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War. C) She won the Nobel Prize two times. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.

17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals. C) She helped to set up several military hospitals. D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers. 18. A) Both died of blood cancer. B) Both fought in World War I.

C) Both won military medals. D) Both married their assistants.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century. B) They were the conquerors of Norway. D) They settled on a small island north of England. 20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway. B) It was covered with green most time of the year. C) It was the Vikings' most important discovery. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice. 21. A) The Vikings' ocean explorations. B) The making of European nations.

C) The Vikings' everyday life. D) The Europeans' Arctic discoveries.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) Work hard for a better life. B) Make mistakes now and then.

C) Dream about the future. D) Save against a rainy day.

23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world. C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage. D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young. 24. A) Criminal law.

B) City planning.

C) Oriental architecture. 25. A) Dream and make plans. B) Take things easy in life.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section A

D) International business. C) Be content with what you have. D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.

Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29 memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.

Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect 33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB (肺结核) . When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.

Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 ,but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives. A) associated B) examine C) indicate Section B

D) nuisance E) peak F) preventing

G) prohibiting H) sensitive I) slight

J) specify K) superior L) suspicious

M) tip N) treated O) visual

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?

Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.

[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.

[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.

[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, over thinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”

[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat

blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.

[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”

[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “ In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “ There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.”

[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “ I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “ I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “ If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”

[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to

be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.

[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “ We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”

[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share. When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “ I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.

[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “ It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice. 36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education. 37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses. 38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students. 39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams. 40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.

41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.

42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.

43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.

44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago. 45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions

or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.

Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.

46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?

A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it. B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial. 47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins. D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins ‘ sleeping patterns. 48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?

A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences. C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains. D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects. 49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D) She compared the responses of different participants. 50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.

Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “ very tired ” or “ exhausted ”, according to a recent study.

This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “ no.\" Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “ Yes, I can.”

Women struggle to say “ no \" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say “ no \" may be hurting women's health as well as their career.

At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even

if that means doing the boring work themselves.

This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 51. What does the author say is the problem with women? A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job. C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.

52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy? A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates. D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities. 53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?

A) Their unwillingness to say “ no \". B) Their desire to be considered powerful.

C) An underestimate of their own ability. D) A lack of courage to face challenges.

54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. A) women tend to be easily satisfied C) men tend to put their personal interests first B) men are generally more persuasive D) women are much more ready to compromise 55. What is important to a good leader?

A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure. B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

2017年12月大学英语四级真题答案解析(卷一)

Part I Writing (25 minutes) 【参考范文】 师生关系：

A good teacher-student relationship will make learning and teaching enjoyable and interesting. Both teachers and students should make efforts to build a harmonious relationship.

On the one hand, the teacher plays an essential role in setting up a good teacher-student relationship. The teacher should motivate the students and lead them to be interested in learning. A good teacher should be patient, kindly and strict. Too kindly or too strict can be both harmful. On the other hand, the students should respect their teachers, and pay more attention in class to learn how to solve problems. It’s important to learn to raise questions and work out problems in new ways.

A good teacher-student relationship benefits both the teachers and the students, so it’s vital for them to word harder.

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) New report 1

1.【答案】D) It has got one of its limbs injured.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“entertain its audience（娱乐观众）”，“look into the distance（向远处看）”，“catch people's attention（引起人们的注意）”，“one of its limbs injured（它的一条腿受伤了）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。再根据题干“ What's the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs? ”意思是“这只熊用后腿直立行走的原因是什么？”中的关键词“walks upright ”，定位到听力原文第一段第一句话“ A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has reemerged and has been captured on video month after its last sighting. ”意思是“在新泽西州，一只黑熊用两条后腿直立行走，并成为了社交媒体的宠儿，在距离上次曝光1个月后，它再次出现并被拍摄了视频。”可知黑熊直立行走，引起媒体的关注；题干中的 “walks upright”在该句话中重现；接下来听到听力原文第二段第一句话“Pedals apparently has injured leg or palm that doesn't allow it to walk comfortably on all fours, according to experts.”意思是“根据专家的说法，Pedals明显有一条腿或一只熊掌受伤了，因此无法正常用四肢行走。” 该句话中专家解释了黑熊直立行走的原因；选项D) It has got one of its limbs injured.（它的一条腿受伤了。）中的“injured”在该句话中重现，与原文的语义相符合，故选D)；其他三个选项：选项A) It tries entertain its audience.（它试图娱乐观众。），选项B) It tries to look into the distance.（它试图朝远处看。）选项C) It wants to catch people's attention.（它想引起人们的注意。），都与专家的解释不符合，故排除。

2. 【答案】C) Its videos were posted on social media.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“animal protection officials（动物保护官员）”，“a local television reporter（地方电视台记者）”，“videos（视频）”，“picture（照片）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “How is the bear first known for the public?”意思是“这只熊最初是如何为公众所知的？”由题干中的关键词“first”定位到听力原文第二段第三句话“The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wondering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television.”意思是“有人最初发现这只熊在居民区里四处游荡，拍摄了视频并发布在社交媒体上，国家电视台也播放了，黑熊也因此出名了。”可知黑熊被拍成视频并上传到网站上；选项C)Its videos were posted on social media.（它的视频发布在社交媒体上。）在听

力原文中重现，与原文的语义相符合，故选C；其他三个选项：选项A) It was spotted by animal protection officials.（动物保护官员发现了它。），选项B) It was filmed by a local television reporter.（这是由当地电视台记者拍摄的。），选项D) Its picture won a photography prize.（它的照片赢得了摄影奖。），都与听力原文不符合，故排除。 News Report 2:

3. 【答案】A) The distance travelled.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“distance（路程）”，“road accidents（道路交通事故）”，“gas（汽油）”，“people travelling（人们旅行）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What new record did the American drivers set last year?”意思是“美国司机们去年创下了哪项新纪录？”由题干中的关键词“new record”定位到听力原文第三句话“Americans drove more miles last year than any other year on record.”意思是“美国人去年的行车里程数超过了有记录以来的任何一年。”由该句话可知美国人行车里程达到了历史新高；选项A) The distance travelled.（行程。），与该句话中的“drove more miles”属于同义替换，故选A)；其他三个选项：选项B) The incidence of road accidents.（道路交通事故的发生率。），选项D) The number of people travelling.（旅行的人数。），原文中未涉及，故排除；选项C) The spending on gas.（汽油的花费。），在听力原文第7至9句话中提到“The traffic increase comes at the same time as gas crisis drop significantly. The current average gas price in U. S. is $1.77 per gallon. A year ago, it was $ 2.31 per gallon, it was often much higher in recent years.”意思是“随着油价大幅下跌，交通量随之增长。美国目前的平均油价是每加仑1.77美元。一年前，价格是每加仑2.31美元，前些年油价普遍较高。”该三句话提到了汽油的花费，也是为了解释行程增加的原因，与题干的问题不符合，故排除。

4. 【答案】D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Fewer people are commuting.（上下班的人越来越少。）”，“B) Gas consumption is soaring.（汽油消耗量飙升。）”，“C) Job growth is slowing down.（就业增长放缓。）”，“D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.

（高峰时间的交通状况正在恶化。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What is depressing according to the speaker?”意思是“根据说话者所说，什么事情令人沮丧？”由题干中的关键词“depressing”定位到听力原文最后一句话“Now, that is depressing.”意思是“现在这种情形令人沮丧。”该句话中的“that”代指听力原文倒数第三句话“And so all this means more traffic jams on the road.（所有这些都导致了严重的交通拥堵。）”中的

“traffic jams”，倒数第二句话“The Taxes A&M Travel Institute found that rush-hour travellers spent extra 42 hours on the road last year because of travel delays.（所有这些都导致了严重的交通拥堵。The Taxes A&M Travel Institute发现，由于交通延误，上下班高峰期的游客去年在路上多花了42个小时。）”中的“travel delays”；选项D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.（高峰时间的交通状况正在恶化。）中的“Rush-hour ”和“traffic”在这两句话中重现，与原文的语义相符合，故选D)；其他三个选项：选项A) Fewer people are commuting.（更少的人上下班。），选项B) Gas consumption is soaring.（汽油消费正在飙升。），选项C) Job growth is slowing down.（就业增长放缓。），听力原文都未涉及，故排除。 News Report 3:

5. 【答案】B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“sad story（悲惨的故事）”，“carry groceries（搬运杂货）”，“pulled at his sleeves（揪袖子）”，“washed a stranger's car（洗陌生人的车）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What did the teenager Chauncy do at the grocery store to get some food?”意思是“在杂货店里，少年Chauncy为了获取食物做了些什么？”由题干中的关键词“grocery store”和“some food”定位到听力原文第一句话“A 16-year-old asked a stranger at a grocery store to buy him and his mother some food in exchange for carrying the man's groceries to his car.”意思是“一个16岁的孩子在杂货店请一个陌生人给他和他的母亲买一些食物，作为交换，他把这个男人的杂货搬到车上。”由该句话可知Chauncy换取食物的方式是替陌生人搬运杂货；选项B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.（他帮助一个陌生人把杂货运到他的车上。）中的“a stranger”、“ groceries”和“his car”，在原文中重现，“carry”与该句话中的“carrying”属于同义转换，与原文的语义相符合，故选B)；其他三个选项：选项A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.（他告诉一个陌生人关于他自己的悲惨故事。），选项C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.（他走到一个陌生人跟前，揪起他的衣袖。），选项D) He washed a stranger's car in return for some food.（他洗陌生人的车，以换取食物。），原文中都未提及，故排除。

6. 【答案】C) He raised a large sum of money for him.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“ordered a lot of food（订购了许多食物）”，“gave him a job（给他一份工作）”，“raised a large sum of money（筹集了一大笔钱）”，“offered him a scholarship（给他奖学金）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What did the stranger do for Chauncy?”意思是“那个陌生人为Chauncy做了什么？”

由题干的问题定位到听力原文第三句话“A wonderful bond formed between the two, and within a couple of weeks, the stranger, named White, helped raise $190,000 on the website to support the Memphis teenager and his disabled mother.”意思是“两人之间建立了亲密的联系，几周后，这个名叫White的陌生人在网站上募集了190000美元来支持这位孟菲斯少年和他的残疾母亲。”可知White在网站上为Chauncy筹钱；选项C) He raised a large sum of money for him.（他为他筹集了一大笔钱。）中的“raised”与该句话中的“raise”属于同义转换，“a large sum of money”与该句话中的“$190,000”属于同义替换，与原文的语义相符合，故选C)；其他三个选项：选项A) He ordered a lot of food for his family.（他为他家人订购了很多食物。），选项B) He gave him a job at his own company.（他在自己的公司给了他一份工作。），选项D) He offered him a scholarship for college.（他给了他一份大学奖学金。），原文中都未提及，故排除。

7. 【答案】B) He is an excellent student at school.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“works hard（努力工作）”，“an excellent student（一个优秀的学生）”，“making up stories（编故事）”，“has been disabled（残疾了）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What do we learn about Chauncy?”意思是“我们对Chauncy有哪些了解？”由题干的问题定位到听力原文第七句话““Chauncy is a top student who is doing his best to make it in a world with no money and very few resources,\" White explained on the crowd funding site.”意思是“‘Chauncy是一名优秀的学生，在没有钱和资源的环境下，他竭尽全力生存，’White在众筹网站上解释说。”可知Chauncy是一名优秀的学生；选项B) He is an excellent student at school.（他在学校是一名优秀的学生。）中的“an excellent student”与该句话中的“a top student”属于同义替换，与原文的语义相符合，故选B)；其他三个选项：选项A) He works hard to support his family.（他努力工作养家糊口。），选项C) He is very good at making up stories.（他很擅长编故事。），选项D) He has been disabled since boyhood.（他从小就残废了。），原文中都未提及，故排除。 Section B Conversation 1

8. 【答案】A) Attended an economics lecture.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Attended an economics lecture.（参加经济学讲座。）”，“B) Taken a walk on Charles Street.（在查尔斯街散步。）”，“C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.（在维多利亚女王酒吧喝了一杯。）”，“D) Had dinner at a new restaurant.（在一家新开的餐馆吃饭。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What

has the man just done?”意思是“那个男人刚刚做了什么？”由题干的问题定位到听力长对话中男士第一次说的话“That was my last week economic lecture of the week. And here is the weekend again.”意思是“刚才是我本周最后一节经济学讲座了，又到周末了。”可知男士刚刚参加了一次经济学讲座；选项A) Attended an economics lecture.中的 “economics lecture.”在原文中重现，符合原文的语义，故选A)。

9. 【答案】C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Treat a college friend to dinner.（请大学朋友吃饭。）”，“B) Make preparations for a seminar.（为研讨会做准备。）”，“C) Attend his brothers birthday party.（参加他兄弟的生日聚会。）”，“D) Visit some of his high school friends.（去拜访他的高中朋友。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What is the man going to do this weekend?”意思是“那个男人本周末打算做什么？”由题干中的关键词“this weekend”定位到听力长对话中男士第二次说的话“Sorry, I'm heading home this weekend for my brother's 18th birthday.”意思是“对不起，这个周末我要回家参加我弟弟的18岁生日。”可知这个周末男士要回家参加弟弟的生日聚会；选项C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.中的“brother’s”和“birthday”在原文中重现，符合原文的语义，故选C)。

10.【答案】D) Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Gather statistics for his lecture.（为他的讲座收集统计资料。）”，“B) Throw a surprise birthday party.（办个生日惊喜派对。）”，“C) Meet with Jonathan's friends on the weekend.（在周末和Jonathan's的朋友见面。）”，“D)Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.（和他一起参加他弟弟的生日庆祝活动。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the man ask the woman to do?”意思是“那个男士邀请女士做什么事情？”由题干的问题定位到听力长对话中男士第三次说的话“All my relatives are gonna there, as well as my brother's horrible friends, of course. Listen, why won't you come along? Mom would be absolutely delighted to see you again. She's always asking after you.”意思是“我所有的亲戚都会来，当然还有我弟弟那些闹腾的朋友们。听着，你为什么不和我一起去？我妈妈见到你一定会很开心。她总是在问你。”可知男士邀请女士参加他弟弟的生日聚会；选项D) Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.符合原文的语境，故选D)。

11.【答案】B) By train.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“car（汽车）”，“train（火车）”，“taxi（出租车）”，“bus（公共汽车）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “How will they go to the man's home?”意思是“他们怎么去那个男人的家？”由题干的问题定位到听力长对话中男士第六次说的话“No, not at all. I'll go to the station first, and see if I can get tickets for us on the 6:30 train. Then, you can join me there. I'll text you when it's done.”意思是“不，一点也不。我先去车站，看看能不能为咱们买上6：30的火车票。然后，你可以与我在车站会合。办完后我会给你发短信。”可知男士征求女士的意见后，要先去车站买火车票；听力长对话中女士最后征求男士的意见时说的话“Look, I'd better go, or I'll be late. So, I'll meet you down at the station around 6:00.”意思是“听着，我得走了，否则我要迟到了。那么，咱们6点左右在车站见。”选项B) By train.中的“train.”在原文中重现，故选B)。 Conversation 2

12.【答案】A) Taking a vacation abroad.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Taking a vacation abroad.（去国外度假。）”，“B) Reviewing for his last exam.（复习他的最后一次考试。）”，“C) Saving enough money for a rainy day.（存足够的钱以备不时之需。）”，“D) Finding a better way to earn money.（找到更好的赚钱方法。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the man think of doing?”意思是“那位男士打算做什么？”由题干的问题定位到听力长对话中男士第二次说的话“Good. The term is coming to an end. Do you think we should take a holiday overseas to relax and have fun? …”意思是“好。这学期就要结束了。你认为我们应该去国外度假放松一下，玩得开心吗? ……”可知男士问女士是否认为他们应该去国外度假，休息放松一下；选项A) Taking a vacation abroad.中的“Taking”与原文中的“take”属于同义转换， “a vacation abroad”与原文中的“a holiday overseas”属于同义替换，符合原文的语义，故选A)。

13.【答案】C) Working part time as a waiter.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Preparing for his final exams.（准备期末考试。）”，“B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise.（和老板商量加薪。）”，“C) Working part time as a waiter.（兼职做服务员。）”，“D) Helping the woman with her courses.（帮助妇女学习课程。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What has the man been doing for the past few months?”意思是“那位男士过去几个月做了什么？”由题干中的关键词“past few months”定位到听力长对话中男士第二次说的话“…I've saved my tips

from my waiter job these past few months, and I should have enough by July.”意思是“……在过去的几个月里，我一直攒着服务员工作挣的小费，到七月份就应该已经够了。”可知男士在过去的几个月里一直做服务员；选项C) Working part time as a waiter.中的“waiter”在原文中重现，符合原文的语义，故选C)。

14.【答案】B) Save enough money.

【解析】在听录音前，在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Finish her term paper.（完成她的学期论文。）”，“B) Save enough money.（挣足够的钱。）”，“C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.（学习一点西班牙语。）”，“D) Ask her parent's permission.（征求父母的同意。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the woman say she needs to do before departure?”意思是“那位女士说她在出发前需要做什么？” 由题干中的关键词“before departure” 定位到听力长对话中女士第二次说的话“Yes, that's a wonderful idea. I've got a little put aside for a rainy day, but I might need to earn a little more before we go. By the way, what’s it like working in the restaurant?”意思是“是的，这是个好主意。我也存了一些钱以备不时之需，但在出发前我可能还需要多挣一点。顺便问一下，在餐厅工作怎么样？”可知女士出发前还需要多挣一点钱，该句话中的“before we go”与题干中的“before departure”属于同义替换；选项B) Save enough money.中的“Save”与该句话中的“earn”属于同义替换，符合原文的语义，故选C)。

15.【答案】A) He has rich sailing experience.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词“rich sailing experience（丰富的航海经验）”，“speaks Spanish fluently（流利地说西班牙语）”，“eager to go to Spain（渴望去西班牙）”，“easy to get along with（容易相处）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “Why does the woman want to invite Tom?”意思是“为什么那位女士想邀请Tom？”由题干中的关键词“invite” 和“Tom” 定位到听力长对话中男士第三次说的话“…Do you think we should invite some others to come along?”意思是“……你认为我们应该邀请其他人一起去吗？”女士回答说“Yes, we could ask Tom and Tracy if they are interested. … And if Tom goes, we could go sailing. He has a lot experience with boats,…”意思是“是的，如果Tom和Tracy感兴趣的话，我们可以邀请他们。……如果Tom去的话，我们可以去航海。他有丰富的驾船经验，……”题干中的“invite”在男士的问句中重现，“Tom”在女士的回答中重现；选项A) He has rich sailing experience.（他有丰富的航海经验。）中的“ rich”与女士的回答中的“ a lot”属于同义替换，“sailing”和“experience”在女士的回答中重现，符合原文的语

义，故选A)；其他三个选项：选项B) He speaks Spanish fluently.

（他讲西班牙语很流利。），选项C) He is also eager to go to Spain.（他也渴望去西班牙。），选项D) He is easy to get along with.（他很容易相处。），原文中都未提及，故排除。 Section C Passage One

16.【答案】D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.

【解析】考查细节题。在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词 “went to the same university（上同一所大学）”，“ worked as a nurse（当护士）”，“won the Nobel Prize two times（两次获得诺贝尔奖）”，“a Nobel Prize winner（诺贝尔奖得主）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the speaker say about Marie Curie's daughter?”意思是“说话者是如何形容Marie Curie的女儿的？”由题干的问题定位到听力短文第一段第二句话“Most people know Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice.However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.”意思是“大多数人都知道Marie Curie是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性，同时也是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。然而，很少有人知道她也是诺贝尔奖得主的母亲。”；听力短文第二段对Marie Curie的女儿Irene Currie进行了详细的介绍；听力短文第三段第二句话“Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize … ”意思是“和她的母亲一样，Irene获得诺贝尔奖……”；选项D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.（她也是诺贝尔奖得主。）的“ a Nobel Prize winner”在原文中重现，符合原文的语义，故选D)；其他三个选项：选项A) She went to the same university as her mother.（她和她母亲去了同一所大学。），原文中未提及，故排除；选项B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.（她在第一次世界大战中担任护士。），由听力短文第二段第四、五句话 “ When World War I began, she left Sorbonne University to help her mother, … developing x-ray facilities for military hospitals in France and Belgium. ”意思是“第一次世界大战爆发后，她离开Sorbonne大学去协助她母亲，……她为法国和比利时的军事医院开发x光设备。” 可知Irene开发x光设备，而不是护士，故排除；选项C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.（她两次获得诺贝尔奖。），由听力短文第一段第一句话“Most people know Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice.”意思是“大多数人都知道Marie Curie是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性，同时也是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。”可知Marie Curie两次获得诺贝尔奖，听力短文中只提到Irene获得诺贝尔奖，但没提次数，故排除。

17.【答案】B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词 “ fought bravely（英勇作战）”，“ developed X-ray facilities（研制了X射线设备）”，“set up several military hospitals（组建几所军队医院）”，“save wounded soldiers（救伤员）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “For what was Irene Curie awarded a military medal?”意思是“Irene Curie因何被授予了军事勋章？”由题干中的关键词“a military medal”定位到听力短文第二段第六句话“After the war she received a military medal for her work.”意思是“战争结束后，她因这项工作而获得一枚军事勋章。” 题干中的“a military medal”在该句话中重现；再联系上文（听力短文第四、五句话） “When World War I began, she left Sorbonne University to help her mother, … developing x-ray facilities for military hospitals in France and Belgium. ”意思是“第一次世界大战爆发后，她离开Sorbonne大学去协助她母亲，……她为法国和比利时的军事医院开发x光设备。”可知Irene Curie是由于为法国和比利时的军事医院开发x光设备而获得一枚军事勋章；选项B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.（她为军事医院研制了X射线设备。）中的“developed”与听力短文第五句话中的“developing”属于同义转换，“X-ray facilities for military hospitals”在听力短文第五句话中重现，符合原文的语义，故选B)；其他三个选项：选项A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.（她在一系列军事行动中英勇作战。），选项C) She helped to set up several military hospitals.（她帮助建立了几所军队医院。），选项D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers.（她捐款拯救受伤的士兵。），原文中都为提及，故排除。

18. 【答案】 A) Both died of blood cancer.

【解析】在听录音前，先从四个选项来看： “ A) Both died of blood cancer.（两人都死于血癌。）”，“ B) Both fought in World War I.（两人都参加了第一次世界大战。）”，“C) Both won military medals.（两人都获得了军事奖牌。）”，“D) Both married their assistants.（都嫁给了他们的助手。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “In what way were Marie and Irene similar?”意思是“Marie和Irene Curie在哪些方面相似？”由题干的问题定位到听力短文最后一段“Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of her exposure to radiation. Irene Joliot Curie died on March 17th, 1956.”意思是“不幸的是，她也像她的母亲一样，也因为遭受辐射得了血癌。Irene Joliot Curie于1956年3月17日去世。”可知Marie和Irene Curie都死于血癌；选项A) Both died of blood cancer.中的“blood cancer”在听力短文最后一段第一句话中重现，符合原文的语义，故选A)。

Passage Two

19.【答案】C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.

【解析】在听录音前，先找出四个选项的中心词 “ the first settlers in Europe（欧洲的第一批定居者）”，“ the conquerors of Norway（挪威的征服者）”，“discovered Iceland（发现了冰岛）”，“settled on a small island（定居在一个小岛上）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What do we learn about the Vikings? ”意思是“我们对Vikings有什么了解？” 由题干的问题定位到听力短文第二段“The Vikings' first major discovery occurred in the 9th century. A man called Naddodd was on his way from Norway to the Faroe Islands, north of England, when his ship was caught in a storm. The storm blew the ship west for several days. When the weather cleared, Naddodd found himself on the coast of a new land.Later, Viking travelers named it Iceland.”意思是“Vikings的第一次重大发现发生在九世纪。一个叫Naddodd的人正从挪威前往英国北部的Faroe 群岛，当时他的船遇上了暴风雨。暴风雨把他的船往西吹着行驶了好几天。当天气晴朗时，Naddodd发现自己在新大陆的海岸上。后来，Vikings把它命名为冰岛。”可知Vikings发现了冰岛；选项C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.（他们在九世纪发现了冰岛。）中的“discovered”与听力短文第二段第一句话中的“discovery”属于同义转换，“in the ninth century”在听力短文第二段第一句话中重现，“Iceland”在听力短文第二段最后一句话中重现，故选 C)；其他三个选项：选项A) They were the first settlers in Europe.（他们是欧洲的第一批定居者。），由听力短文最后一段最后一句话“Leif Erikson and his men were the first Europeans to walk on the shores of North America, almost five hundred years earlier than Columbus.”意思是“Leif Erikson和他的部下是第一个在北美洲海岸行走的欧洲人，比Columbus早了五百年。”可知Leif Erikson和他的部下是第一个在北美洲海岸行走的欧洲人， 而不是欧洲的第一批定居者，故排除；选项B) They were the conquerors of Norway.（他们是挪威的征服者。），由听力短文第二段可知Naddodd从挪威前往英国北部的Faroe 群岛，在那里发现新大陆，而不是在挪威，故排除；选项D) They settled on a small island north of England.（他们定居在英国北部的一个小岛上。），由听力短文第二段可知他们在去英国北部的Faroe 群岛的途中，暴风雨把他的船往西吹着行驶了好几天，才发现新大陆，而不是英国北部的一个小岛上，故排除。

20.【答案】D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.

【解析】在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.（它在挪威以西大约五百英里处。）”，“B) It was covered with green most time of the

year.（一年中大部分时间都是绿色的。）”，“C) It was the Vikings' most important discovery.（这是Vikings最重要的发现。）”，“D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.（那是一块覆盖着冰块的岩石土地。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the passage say about the Greenland? ”意思是“关于格陵兰岛，文章讲了些什么？” 由题干中的关键词“Greenland” 定位到听力短文第二段第2至4句话“ 500 miles west of Iceland, he and his men reached an icy rocky massive land. They sailed around it until they reached the western side. Here, they found some green areas, so they named the island Greenland.”意思是“在冰岛以西500英里的地方，他与同伴到达了一片冰雪覆盖、岩石成群的广袤大地。他们绕着该岛航行，一直行驶到西边。在这里，他们发现了一片绿地，所以他们将此岛命名为格陵兰岛。”可知该块新大陆冰雪覆盖、岩石成群；选项D) 中的“a rocky mass of land covered with ice”与听力短文第二段第2句话中的“an icy rocky massive land”属于同义替换，符合原文的语义，故选D)；其他三个选项：选项A)和选项C) ，原文中都未提及，故排除；选项B)，从听力短文第二段的描述中可知格陵兰岛大部分冰雪覆盖、岩石成群，只有一片绿地；由听力短文最后一段最后一句话可知新大陆指的是北美洲，北美洲接近北极，不可能大部分时间都是绿色，故排除。

21.【答案】A) The Vikings' ocean explorations.

【解析】考查文章的主旨题。在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) The Vikings' ocean explorations.（Vikings的海洋探索。）”，“B) The making of European nations.（欧洲国家的形成。）”，“C) The Vikings' everyday life.（Vikings的日常生活。）”，“D)The Europeans' Arctic discoveries.（欧洲人在北极的发现。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the speaker mainly talk about? ”意思是“说话者主要讲述了什么内容？” 由题干的问题可知是问文章的主旨，听力短文第一段简单介绍Vikings，引出了他们的三大重要地理发现；第二、三段围绕这三大发现从海洋、航行和发现新大陆三方面展开描述；由此可知，听力短文的主旨是海洋探索；选项A) 符合原文的语义，故选A)。 Passage Three

22.【答案】C) Dream about the future.

【解析】在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Work hard for a better life.（为更好的生活而努力工作。）”，“B) Make mistakes now and then.（时不时犯错误。）”，“C) Dream about the future.（梦想未来。）”，“D) Save against a rainy day.（未雨绸缪。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the speaker think everyone tends to do? ”意思

是“说话者认为每个人都倾向于做什么事？” 由题干的问题定位于听力短文第一段第3句话“But everyone dreams about the future. ”意思是“但每个人都梦想着未来。”可知每个人都倾向于梦想未来；选项C) 中的“Dream”与该句话中的“dreams”属于同义转换，“about the future”在该句话中重现，符合原文的语义，故选C)；其他三个选项：A)、B)和D)原文中都未提及，故排除。

23.【答案】B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.

【解析】在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.（在他的余生中教外语。）”，“B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.（为了他过去设想的世界改变他所拥有的。）”，“C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage. （把他那两层高的房子换成了海滩小屋。）”，“D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.（详述他年轻时梦寐以求的梦想。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the speaker say he would refuse to do?”意思是“说话者说他拒绝做什么？” 由题干中的关键词“refuse ”定位到听力短文第二段第五句话“But I wouldn’t change what I have now for that imaginary world.”意思是“但是我不会用现有的世界去换取那个设想的世界。”可知说活者拒绝拿现在所拥有的一切去换取以前想象中的世界；题干中的“refuse ”与该句话中的“wouldn’t change”属于同义替换；选项B)中的“Change”和“imaginary world”在该句话中重现，符合原文的语义，故选B)；其他三个选项：选项A)和选项C)原文中都未提及，故排除；选项D)与原文不符合，原文中提及年轻时的梦想，但没有详述，而是详述了现实与梦想的差别，以及自己的做法，故排除。

24.【答案】D) International business.

【解析】在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Criminal law.（刑法。）”，“B) City planning.（城市规划。）”，“C) Oriental architecture.（东方建筑。）”，“D) International business.（国际商务。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What does the speaker major in during the first two years of college?”意思是“在大学的前两年，说话者主修的专业是什么？” 由题干中的关键词“college”定位到听力短文第二段第六句话“In college, I studied international business and planned to enter a law school.”意思是“在大学里，我学习国际商务，并打算进入法学院。”可知说活者主修的专业是国际商务；题干中的“college”在该句话中重现；再由下文（听力短文第七句话）“In my third year of university, I realized that I didn't want to become a lawyer.”意思是“在我大学第三年的时候，我意识到我不想成为一名律师。”可知说活者在大学的前两年主修的专业是国际商务；选项D)在听力短文第二段第六句话中

重现，符合原文的语义，故选D)。其他三个选项在原文中未提及，故排除。

25.【答案】C) Be content with what you have.

【解析】在听录音前，先从四个选项来看：“A) Dream and make plans.（梦想和制定计划。）”，“B) Take things easy in life.（生活中要放轻松。）”，“C) Be content with what you have.（满足于你所拥有的。）”，“D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.（享受你所做的一切。）”，听录音时着重听文章中的相关信息，进行判断。题干是 “What is one of the biggest lessons the speaker has learned in life?”意思是“说话者在生活中学到的最重要的一课是什么？” 由题干中的关键词“one of the biggest lessons”，“learned”和“in life”定位到听力短文最后一段最后一句话One of the biggest lessons I've learned in life is this: \"Be happy with what you have.\" 意思是我在生活中学到的最重要的一课是：“为你所拥有的感到快乐。”题干中的“one of the biggest lessons”，“learned”和“in life”在该句话中重现；选项C)中的“Be content with ”与该句话中的“Be happy with”属于同义替换，“what you have”在该句话中重现，符合原文的语义，故选C)；其他三个选项：选项A) ，由选项A)中的“ Dream”和“make plans”定位于听力短文最后一段第一句话“I believe that as a young person, it's important to dream and make plans.”意思是“我相信，对于一个年轻人，拥有梦想和制定计划是很重要的事情。”再根据下文（最后一段第二句话）“ However, it's also important to realize that not all of your plans turned out exactly as you wish.”意思是“然而，意识到不是所有的计划都会如你所愿，这一点也很重要。”，由该句话中的“However”可知梦想和制定计划很重要，但不是最重要的，故排除；选项B) 和选项D) 与原文的语义不符合，故排除。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section A

26.【答案】K) superior

【解析】形容词辨析题。题干是“A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.”意思是“老鼠或鸽子可能不是照顾病人的明显选择，但是这些生物有一些 26 技能可以帮助治疗人类疾病。”空格前为some，空格后为名词skills，由此可知空格处应为形容词，可以从associated, sensitive, slight, superior, suspicious，visual里寻找；空格前由“not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick”可知，该句为贬义，但是but转折，由that引导的定语从句“could help the treatment of human diseases.”可知该句为积极意义，空格处应填褒义词superior(优秀的，上级的)，故选K)。其他词语：slight(轻微的，

不重要的，脆弱的)，suspicious(可疑的)为贬义，不符合题意，故排除；associated (相关的)，sensitive(敏感的)，visual (视觉的)为中性词，不符合题意，故排除。

27.【答案】D) nuisance

【解析】名词辨析题。题干是“Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans.”意思是“鸽子通常被认为是肮脏的鸟类和都市的 27 ，但它们只是一系列被发现有能力帮助人类的动物中的最新成员。”空格前为形容词urban，空格后为逗号，由此可知空格处应填名词，可从 nuisance，peak，tip中寻找；由并列连词and可知，前后语义并列，an urban ___也为贬义，由urban 是中性词，可知空格处应填贬义词，而且but转折后，由that引导的定语从句“have been found to have abilities to help humans.”可知but后为积极意义，则前半句应为贬义，由此可知空格处应填nuisance(讨厌的人，麻烦事)，故选D)；其他词语：peak(山峰，顶点)，tip(小费，尖端，小窍门)为中性词，不符合题意，故排除。

28.【答案】M) tip

【解析】名词辨析题。 题干是“Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger…”意思是“尽管鸽子的大脑不比食指 28 大……”空格前为定冠词the，空格后为介词of，由此可知空格处应填名词，可从peak，tip寻找；空格后为“of your index finger”，可以推断意思应为食指尖，食指尖固定搭配 the tip of your index finger，空格处应填tip(小费，尖端，小窍门)，故选M)；而peak (山峰，顶点)不符合题意，故排除。

29.【答案】O visual

【解析】形容词辨析题。题干是“Despite having a brain no bigger than the tip of your index finger,pigeons have a very impressive 29 memory. ”意思是“尽管鸽子的大脑不比食指 尖 大，但它的 29 记忆力非常惊人。”空格前为形容词impressive，空格后为名词memory，由此可知空格处应填形容词或名词，又由名词选项只剩下一个peak，无法与memory搭配，可知空格处只能填形容词，可从associated, sensitive, slight, suspicious，visual寻找；空格前半句是由despite引导的让步状语从句，根据前半句中的 “having a brain no bigger than the tip of your index finger”可知，前半句为贬义，又由despite前后褒贬色彩相反，可知后半句应为褒义；而slight(轻微的，不重要的， suspicious(可疑的)，脆弱的)为贬义，不符合题意，故排除；文章第二段最后一句中提到“Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.”意思是“最近的研究表明，他们可以被训练得像人类一样准确地检测出乳腺癌图像。”由该句中的“images”

可知空格处形容词应与detecting (察觉)相关，应填visual(视觉的)，故选O)；而associated (相关的)，sensitive(敏感的)不符合题意，故排除。

30.【答案】A) associated

【解析】动词辨析题。题干是“Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 .”意思是“老鼠经常与传播疾病 30 ，而不是 31 它，但是这种长尾动物非常 32 。”空格前为Rats are often ,空格后为with，由此可知空格处应填被动语态，进行时或者形容词。可从以下词语中寻找：进行时：preventing，prohibiting；被动语态associated, treated.；形容词：sensitive，slight，suspicious；空格后为“spreading disease rather than ___,”因为rather than 后为空格，所以无法判断语义。又因为but 句后is highly ___,所以无法判断语义。由文章第三段第二句话 “Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. ”意思是“老鼠的鼻子内部可容纳1000种不同类型的嗅觉感受器，而人类只有100至200种不同类型的嗅觉感受器。” 可知为褒义，故可推断出“but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . ”为褒义，由but前后转折，可知空格处应为贬义或中性，即是与spreading disease 相关，由be associated with为固定搭配“与…联系在一起”，可知空格处应填associated，故选A)。而preventing(阻止)，prohibiting(阻止，禁止)，suspicious(可疑的)，slight(轻微的，不重要的，脆弱的)，都不符合题意，故排除；treat (治疗，对待)，treat sb/sth with sth (用……治疗……) ，sb be treated like/as sth (像……被对待），不符合题意，故排除；Be sensitive to/about sth (对…… 敏感) ，不符合题意，故排除。

31.【答案】F) preventing

【解析】动词辨析题。题干是“Rats are often associated with spreading disease rather than 31 it…”意思是“老鼠经常与传播疾病联系在一起，而不是 31 它……”空格前为rather than，空格后为it；rather than起到了连词的作用，结构是前后并列，故前后的词性是一致的，其前面是动名词结构spreading，故空格处也应该填入动名词结构即动词的ing形式；由rather than（而不是），可知空格处的动名词与spreading disease（传播疾病）含义相反，可从preventing，prohibiting里寻找；prevent 和prohibit 均有阻止的意思，prohibit还有禁止的意思，prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth， prohibit sb from doing sth，但是prohibit一般用于被动语态，故排除；因此空格处应填preventing（预防），故选F)。

32.【答案】H) sensitive

【解析】形容词辨析题。题干是“Rats are often associated with spreading disease rather

than preventing it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 .”意思是“老鼠经常与传播疾病联系在一起，而不是预防它，但是这种长尾动物非常 32 。”空格前为副词 highly, 空格后为句号，由此可知空格处应填形容词或者动词过去分词，可从treated，sensitive，slight，suspicious中寻找；句子前半句为贬义，but 转折，前后意思相反，可知but后面的句子应为褒义，而slight (轻微的，不重要的，脆弱的)，suspicious(可疑的)，为贬义，不符合语意，故排除；没有be highly treated 这种搭配，故排除； 联系下文，文章第三段第二句话提到“Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. ”意思是“老鼠的鼻子内部可容纳1000种不同类型的嗅觉感受器，而人类只有100至200种不同类型的嗅觉感受器。”可知鼠类“嗅觉感受器”种类之多，非常灵敏，空格处应填sensitive(敏感的)，故选H)。

33.【答案】I) slight

【解析】形容词辨析题。题干是“This gives rats the ability to detect 33 smells.”意思是“这使老鼠有能力检测到 33 气味。”空格前为动词detect，空格后为名词smells句号，由此可知空格处应填名词或形容词。名词只剩peak(山峰，顶点)，不符合题意，因此空格处只能填形容词，所剩形容词只有slight(轻微的，不重要的，脆弱的) 和suspicious(可疑的)。联系上文，文章第三段第二句话提到“Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. ”意思是“老鼠的鼻子内部可容纳1000种不同类型的嗅觉感受器，而人类只有100至200种不同类型的嗅觉感受器。”可知鼠类“嗅觉感受器”种类之多，再联系下文，文章第三段第四句话提到“As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核).”意思是“其结果是，一些老鼠被投入到工作中，以检测TB（肺结核）。”可知鼠类嗅觉高度敏感，能够发现轻微的气味，因此空格处应填slight，故选I)。

34.【答案】C) indicate

【解析】动词辨析题。题干是“ When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.”意思是“当老鼠嗅到气味时, 他们会停下来搓腿, 34 样品被感染了。”空格前为不定式符合to, 空格后为a sample, 因此可知空格处应填动词原形，可以从examine，indicate，specify中寻找；空格前为“they stop and rub their legs to” , 空格后为“a sample(样本)”，是指老鼠停下来，揉揉腿部，指出有感染源的样本，而不是检查或者详述，因此空格处应填indicate(表明，指出)，而排除examine(仔细检查)，specify(详细说明，详述)，故选C）。

35.【答案】B) examine

【解析】动词辨析题。题干是“Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. ”意思是“传统上，一百个样本需要实验室技术人员花费两天多的时间来进行 35 ，但对大鼠来说，耗时不到20分钟。”空格前为to ,空格后为逗号，由此可知空格处应填动词原形，可从examine，specify中寻找；空格前强调样本在实验室，需要两天多的时间来___ , 在实验室，应该是检查，而不是详细说明，因此空格处应填examine(仔细检查)，而排除specify(详细说明，详述)，故选B)。 Section B

36. 【答案】[I]

【解析】题干是“ Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.”意思是“年龄较大的学生发现他们很难跟上教育的快速变化。”由题干中的关键词“elderly students”和“rapid changes”定位到[I]段首句“Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”意思是“是的，我的高龄，必须考虑到这一因素，部分原因是我无法如此迅速地获取这些信息。”可知年龄大导致无法快速获取信息，其中的“ advanced age”与题干中的“elderly ”属于同义替换，“inability”表示“没有能力”；[I]段最后一句提到“A lot has changed since we were last in schools.”意思是“自从我们最后一次上学以来，情况发生了很大变化。”[I]段的语义与题干的概括相对应，故选[I]。

37. 【答案】[E]

【解析】题干是“Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.”意思是“有些人认为课下回家考试会影响学生在其他课程中的表现。”由题干中的关键词“take-home exams”，“affect”，“performance”和“other courses”定位到[E]段，题干中的“take-home exams”在[E]段首句重现，“performance”[E]段第二句中重现，“affect”与[E]段第二句中的“risk”，“other courses”与[E]段第二句中的“other end-of-term works”都属于相互对应，故选[E]

38. 【答案】[C]

【解析】题干是“Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.”意思是“某些教授相信课堂考试最终对学生更有帮助。”由题干中的关键词“in-class exams”，定位到[C]段最后一句话“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to

perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”意思是“此外，课堂考试迫使学生学习如何在压力下工作，以及基本的工作技能。”可知[C]段是一个教授所发表的评论，列数in-class exam种种好处，与题干中的“helpful”相呼应，语义相符合，题干中的“certain professors”与[C]段中的“David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia”相呼应，“ultimately”在[C]段第三句话中重现，故选[C]。

39. 【答案】[D]

【解析】题干是“ In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.”意思是“课堂考试被认为能阻止考试作弊。”由题干中的关键词“cheating”定位到[D] 段第一句话“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.”意思是“他还说，在课堂上作弊的可能性较低。”该句与题干的语义相符合，并且全文只有[D]段谈了作弊这件事；该句中的“ less chance of cheating（作弊的机会少）”与题干中的“discourage cheating（阻止作弊）”在意思上平行，故选[D]。

40. 【答案】[B]

【解析】题干是“The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.”意思是“作者得知她可以在家里做一些考试很高兴。”由题干中的关键词“author”定位到[B]。[B]段作者以第一人称谈及在家考试让自己很开心。题干中的“at home”与[B]段第二句话中的“take-home”，“happy”与[B]段第三句话中的“excited”，都属于同义转换，故选[B]。

41.【答案】[H]

【解析】题干是“Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.”意思是“把学习任务拖延到最后一刻的学生往往会发现考试的难度比考试真实的难度要大。”由题干中的关键词“students”和“last moment”定位到[H]。[H]段第二句话“There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.”意思是“有些人总是等到最后一刻，使事情变得比实际需要困难得多。”题干中的“last moment”在[H]段第二句话中重现，“ put off （拖延）”与[H]段第二句话中的“wait until the last minute（等到最后一刻）”，“more difficult”与[H]段第二句话中的“make it much harder than it needs to be”，都属于同义替换，故选[H]。

42.【答案】[G]

【解析】题干是“Different students may prefer different types of exams.”意思是“不同的学生可能喜欢不同类型的考试。”由题干中的关键词“different ”“prefer”，和“types of exams”定位到[G]段第一句话“Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the

subject and course difficulty.”意思是“学生的考试形式偏好也各不相同，往往取决于科目和课程难度。”该句与题干的语义相符合，该句中的“test-form preferences”与题干中的“types of exams”，属于同义替换，“vary”与题干中的“different ”相对应，“preferences”与题干中的“prefer”属于同义转换，故选[G]。

43.【答案】[F]

【解析】题干是“ Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.”意思是“大多数教授同意是否根据正在教授的课程类型采取回家考试或是课堂考试。”由题干中的关键词“most professors”，“depends on”和“type of course”定位到[F]段首句“Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.”意思是“大多数大学教授都同意他们选择的考试方式主要取决于科目。”该句话与题干的语义相符合；题干中的“most professors”和“depends on”在[F]段第一句话中重现，“course”与[F]段第一句话中的“subject”属于同义替换，故选[F]。

44.【答案】[A]

【解析】题干是“The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.”意思是“作者大约四十年前从大学中辍学了。”由题干中的关键词“drop out”和“forty”定位到[A]段第二句话“So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.”意思是“因此，我回到大学完成了40年前未完成的学位，这似乎有点奇怪。”该句与题干的语义相符合；该句中的“four decades ”与题干中的“forty”属于同义替换，“degree I left undone”表示未完成的学位，暗示中途退学，与题干中的“dropped out of”相对应，故选[A]。

45.【答案】[J]

【解析】题干是“Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.”意思是“有些学生认为参加家庭考试会占用他们的空闲时间。”由题干中的关键词“ take-home exams”，“eat up”和“free time”定位到[J]；[J]段第二句话中提到“…I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test…”意思是“……我喜欢课堂考试，因为时间已经预留好了，而不是利用我在家里的空闲时间进行考试……”该句与题干的语义相符合；题干中的“free time”在[J]段第三句话中重现，故选[J]。 Section C Passage One

46.【答案】D) In what way it can be beneficial.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?”意思是“研究人员对第一夜效应感到困惑的是什么？”由题干中的关键词“puzzling”定位到文章第二段第二句话“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. ”意思是“困惑是当第二天的表现可能受到影响时，它会得到什么好处。”该句中的“puzzle”与题干中的“puzzling”属于同义转换；选项D)的意思是“以什么方式它会对人有好处。”该句与原文的语义相符合，其中的“beneficial”与原文的“benefit”属于同义替换，故选D);其他选项：选项A) To what extent it can trouble people.（它能给人们带来多大的麻烦。）该句中的“trouble”在文章第一段第一句话中重现，是first-night effect的定义，为干扰句，与题干不符合，故排除；选项B) What role it has played in evolution.（它在进化中起了什么作用。）该句中的“evolution”与文章第二段第一句话中的“evolved”属于同义转换，为干扰句，与题干不符合，故排除；选项C) What circumstances may trigger it.（什么情况可以触发它。）该句中的“circumstances ”文章第三段第一句话中的“surrounding environment”属于同义替换，为干扰句，是实验相关内容，与题干不符合，故排除。

47.【答案】C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.

【解析】推理题。题干是问“What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?”意思是“我们对Yuka Sasaki博士的研究有什么了解？”可知我们要了解的是Dr. Yuka Sasaki 的研究；从四个选项来看：由四个选项共同的关键词“ birds and dolphins”定位到文章第二段第三、四句话“She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者).This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. ”意思是“她还从以前对鸟类和海豚所做的工作中得知，这些动物一次将一半的大脑放入睡眠状态，以便在休息时使他们能够同时保持足够的警惕，以躲避捕食者。这导致她想知道人们是否会做同样的事情。”可知她从前人的研究中获得了一些灵感，开始做自己的研究。选项A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.（她发现鸟类和海豚在睡觉时保持警觉。）中的“asleep（熟睡地）”与原文中的“put half of their brains to sleep（一半的大脑放入睡眠状态）”语义不符，故排除；选项B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.（她发现鸟类和海豚的睡眠方式大致相同。）中的“sleep in much the same way（以同样的方式睡觉）”和选项D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.（她对鸟类和海豚的睡眠模式进行了研究。）中的“sleeping patterns（睡眠模式）”

表述都不具体、清楚，故排除；选项C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.（她从以前对鸟类和海豚的研究中得到了一些想法。）与原文属于同义替换，故选C)。

48. 【答案】A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?”意思是“Sasaki博士第一次做实验做了什么？”由题干中的关键词“Dr. Sasaki do”、“first”和“experiment”定位到文章第二段第四至六句话“This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.”意思是“这导致她想知道人们是否也在做同样的事情。为了更仔细地观察，她的研究小组研究了35名健康人，他们睡在大学心理科学系不熟悉的环境中。参与者每一次在该部门睡了两个晚上，并使用技术来仔细监控他们的大脑活动。”可知这是Dr. Sasaki 做的第一次实验；从四个选项来看：选项B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.（她从她的心理科学系招募了35名参与者。）只是将原文的“35 healthy people”和“Department of Psychological Sciences”结合在一起，是实验的一个步骤，具体做什么没说出来，故排除；选项C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.（她研究了参与者大脑双方的差异。）原文中未涉及，故排除；选项D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.（她测试了她关于鸟类和海豚的研究结果。）是研究的目的，而非实验中的做法，故排除；选项A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.（她监测在新环境中睡觉的参与者的大脑活动。）与原文的语义相符，故选A)。

49.【答案】C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“ What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?”意思是“Sasaki博士在重新进行实验时做了什么？”由题干中的关键词“re-running”定位到第三段第一句话后半句“…Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.”意思是“……Sasaki博士重新进行实验，在夜间同时向睡眠的参与者呈现同一声调的蜂鸣声和不同声调的不规则嘟嘟声。”可知Sasaki博士重新进行实

验时，让他的被试者接触了两种不同的刺激；从四个选项来看：选项A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.（她分析了不规则音调对大脑的负面影响。）中的“irregular tones”与原文中的“irregular beeps”不符，故排除；选项B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.（她记录了参与者对变化环境的适应。）中没有提及记录实验参与者对变化环境的适应，故排除；选项D) She compared the responses of different participants.（她比较了不同参与者的反应。）原文中未提及不同参与者，故排除；选项C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.（她向参与者展示了两种不同的刺激物。）与原文的语义相符，故选C)。

50.【答案】B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?”意思是“Sasaki博士在她的实验中关于参与者发现了什么？”由题干中的关键词“find”和“experiment”定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句话“She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones.”意思是“她指出，如果左半球在警惕的守卫在一个陌生的环境，那么它会对不规则的嘟嘟声做出反应，让人们从睡梦中醒来，并会忽略定时发出的嘟嘟声。”可知实验结果是人们可以感知无规律的蜂鸣声是一种威胁，扰乱睡眠；从四个选项来看：选项A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.（他们倾向于比其他人更喜欢某些音调。）中的“ tones ”原文中并未提及，故排除；选项C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.（暴露于常规嘟嘟声时，他们感到困倦。）中的“sleepy（困乏的）”属于无中生有，故排除；选项D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.（他们对不规则音调的容忍程度不同。）中的“tolerance of irregular tones”原文未提及，故排除；选项B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.（他们倾向于将不规则的嘟嘟声视为威胁。）与原文的语义相符，故选B)。 Passage Two

51. 【答案】D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“What does the author say is the problem with women?”意思是“作者说这个女性的问题是什么？”由题干中的关键词“problem”和“women”定位到文章第一段第一、二句话“It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life.”意思是“是时候重新评估女人如何处理工作中的冲突。女性为家庭、为工作过度劳累

或过度承诺将不会得到想要的生活。”由文章的第一句可知要讨论的问题是女人如何处理工作中的冲突，由第二句可知女性在职场上经常是超出她们极限的；从四个选项来看：选项A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.（他们往往不清楚要达到的职业目标。）和选项B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.（他们在家通常比在工作上更有责任心。）原文中都未提及，故排除；选项C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.（她们往往对自己能走多远过于乐观。）属于无中生有，故排除；选项D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.（她们倾向于超越自己的能力极限。）与原文的语义相符合，故选D)。

52.【答案】A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?”意思是“为什么育龄妇女会感到精力枯竭？”由题干中的关键词“working women of child-bearing age”和“ feel drained of energy”定位到文章第三段第三、四句话“One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying ‘no.’ Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.””意思是“女人可能感到筋疲力尽的一个原因是她们很难说‘不’。女人希望能够参加学校聚会或烹饪美味的饭菜，所以他们对任何要求的回答往往是‘是的，我能。’”文章第四段第一句话“Women struggle to say ‘no’ in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.意思是“女人在工作场所也会因为类似的原因而说‘不’，包括希望得到同事的喜爱。”可知女人为了平衡家庭和事业，不能说不。题干中的“ feel drained of energy”与原文第三句话中的“feel exhausted”属于同义替换；”从四个选项来看：选项B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.（他们太投入于工作，因此不能放松。）属于以偏概全，故排除；选项C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.（他们尽最大努力与同事合作。）借第四段第一句话中的“liked by their colleagues”干扰，但原文未提及，故排除；选项D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.（他们不得不承担太多的责任。）过度推理，文中并没有说女人的责任太多；选项A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.（他们很难同时满足工作和家庭的需求。）与原文的语义相符合，故选A)。

53.【答案】A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“What may hinder the future prospects of career women?”意思是“什么阻碍了职业女性未来的前景？”题干中的关键词“ hinder”，“future prospects”

和“career women”定位到第四段最后一句话“Unfortunately, this inability to say \"no\" may be hurting women's health as well as their career.”意思是“不幸的是，这种不能说‘不’的行为可能会损害妇女的健康和事业。”从四个选项来看：选项B) Their desire to be considered powerful.（她们渴望被视为强大。），选项C) An underestimate of their own ability.（低估自己的能力。）和选项D) A lack of courage to face challenges.（缺乏勇气面对挑战。）原文都未提及，故排除；选项A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.（他们不愿意说“不”。）与原文的语义相符合，故选A)。

54.【答案】C) men tend to put their personal interests first

【解析】细节题。题干是“Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.”意思是“男人和女人在解决工作场所冲突方面的差异主要在______。”由题干中的关键词“Men and woman”和“approach to resolving workplace conflicts”定位到第五段，其中第三句话提到“Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves.” 意思是“男人更倾向于从最有益于他们的角度来面对这场争论，而女人则可以从最简单、最快捷的方式来解决这个问题，即使那意味着自己做无聊的工作。”可知男人男性更可能从对自己有利的角度来面对冲突；从四个选项来看：选项A) women tend to be easily satisfied（女人往往很容易满足），选项B) men are generally more persuasive（男人通常更有说服力）和选项D) women are much more ready to compromise（女人更愿意妥协），都属于无中生有，故排除；选项C) men tend to put their personal interests first（男人倾向于把个人利益放在首位），与原文中的“Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them mos”属于同义替换，故选C)。

55. 【答案】B) The ability to delegate.

【解析】细节题。题干是问“What is important to a good leader?”意思是“对一个好的领导者来说什么是重要的？”由题干的关键词“ important ”和“a good leader”定位到最后一段第二句话“Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. ”意思是“领导者必须能够明智地委派和管理资源——包括员工专长。”可知一个好的领导者必须能够委派和管理资源；从四个选项来看：选项A) A dominant personality. （显性人格。），选项C) The courage to admit failure.（勇于承认失败。）和选项D) A strong sense of responsibility.（强烈的责任感。），原文都未提及，故排除；选项B) The ability

to delegate.（委派的能力。）与原文的语义相符，其中的“delegate”在原文中重现，故选B)。

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

【译文解析】

这段话可以分为六个句子。

【第一句】华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。

这句话的翻译重点在于“位于”，当然用be in这个结构也没有问题，但是如果能用be located in或者be situated in会更准确。华山，可以翻译成Mount Hua，也可以翻译成Huashan Mountain。离某地的距离，可以用away from，或者只用一个from。关于西安这个地名的翻译，需要记住标准的写法是Xi’an或者Xi’An。

这句话可以翻译为：

Mount Hua is located in Huayin City. It is 120 km away from Xi’an. 更高级的翻译是：

Located in the City of Huayin, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers from Xi’an.

【第二句】华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。 这句话里首先要注意的还是几个地理名词的翻译。秦岭，是the Qinling Mountains，或者the Qin Mountains。作为一条山脉的名字，准确的翻译方法应该是the XX Mountains。陕南和陕北的翻译中，要注意“陕西”的标准翻译是Shaanxi而不是Shanxi(山西)，“不仅 … 也 …”可以用not only …… but also这样的句型。

这句话可以翻译为：

Mount Hua is a part of the Qinling Mountains, which divide not only northern and southern Shaanxi, but also China.

更高级的翻译是：

Mount Hua is part of the Qinling Mountains, which not only separate Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi, but divide China into Northern and Southern parts.

【第三句】与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临。 【第四句】因为上山的道路极其危险。

这两句话因为有一个明显的因果关系，所以可以放在一起进行解析。

“朝拜”，是一个在四级翻译中出现频率较高的词汇，worship。当然如果这个“朝拜”翻不出来的话，可以直接说“去泰山”。而泰山的翻译，规则和华山类似，可以写Mount Tai

或者Taishan Mountain。

这两句话可以翻译为：

It was different from Mount Tai, where people often went in the past. Few people went to Mount Hua in the past because the road to the top was very dangerous.

更高级的翻译是：

Unlike the widely worshipped Mount Tai, Mount Hua was rarely visited owing to the dangerous paths to the top.

【第五句】然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。

“长寿”，这个单词在沪江网校的写作翻译考前公开课上由Lilian老师说到过，作为一个名词是longevity。“药草”的翻译也是一个难点，medical herbs，而不能用grass这个词。这句话中的“然而”，处理成however就可以了。

这句话可以翻译为：

However, people who wish a long life often go up to the mountain because many herbs grow there, especially some rare ones.

更高级的翻译是：

However, those who longed for longevity visited Mount Hua on a regular basis because there were numerous medical herbs, particularly the scarce.

【第六句】自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

缆车的英文翻译是cable car。“自 …… 以来”，在翻译的时候应该处理成现在完成时。 这句话可以翻译为：

The number of tourists has been greatly increased since the installation of cable cars in 1990s.

更高级的翻译是：

There has been an increase in the number of travelers since the installation of the cable cars in 1990s.

全文翻译： 【基础版】

Mount Hua is located in Huayin City. It is 120 km away from Xi’an. Mount Hua is a part of the Qinling Mountains, which divide not only northern and southern Shaanxi, but also China. It

was different from Mount Tai, where people often went in the past. Few people went to Mount Hua in the past because the road to the top was very dangerous. However, people who wish a long life often go up to the mountain because many herbs grow there, especially some rare ones. The number of tourists has been greatly increased since the installation of cable cars in 1990s.

【进阶版】

Located in the City of Huayin, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers from Xi’an. Mount Hua is part of the Qinling Mountains, which not only separate Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi, but divide China into Northern and Southern parts. Unlike the widely worshipped Mount Tai, Mount Hua was rarely visited owing to the dangerous paths to the top. However, those who longed for longevity visited Mount Hua on a regular basis because there were numerous medical herbs, particularly the scarce. There has been an increase in the number of travelers since the installation of the cable cars in 1990s.

2017年12月大学英语四级听力原文卷一

Section A New report 1

A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has re-emerged and has been captured on video months after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in a town of Oak Rage. In a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear, it appear to be in relatively good health and was moving quickly.

Pedals apparently has injured leg or paw that doesn't allow it to walk comfortably on all fours according to experts. Lawrence Hajna spokesman for the state Department of Environmental Protection, said “officials expect the bear to make it through next winter.” The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wondering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter, but New Jersey officials have said they won't allow the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility. \"The bear would do better in its natural habitat and the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated,\" they said.

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Q1. What's the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs? Q2. How is the bear first known for the public?

News Report 2:

It is not your imagination. Traffic in the U. S. is actually getting worse. Americans drove more miles last year than any other year on record. The U. S. Department of Transportation says Americans drove nearly 3,150 billion miles last year. That's about the same distance as 337 round trips from Earth to Pluto. The previous record was 3,003 billion miles in 2007 before the economic recession in high gas prices. The traffic increase comes at the same time as gas crisis drop significantly. The current average gas price in U. S. is $1.77 per gallon. A year ago, it was $ 2.31 per gallon, it was often much higher in recent years. A transportation expert told the report the job growth likely plays a part as well, along with some people driving longer distances to and from work. And so all this means more traffic jams on the road. The Taxes A&M Travel Institute found that rush-hour travellers spent extra 42 hours on the road last year because of travel delays. Now, that is depressing.

Questions 3 to 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Q3. What new record did the American drivers set last year? Q4. What is depressing according to the speaker? News Report 3:

A 16-year-old asked a stranger at a grocery store to buy him and his mother some food in exchange for carrying the man's groceries to his car. What happened next will pull at your heartstrings. A wonderful bond formed between the two, and within a couple of weeks, the stranger, named White, helped raise $190,000 on the website to support the Memphis teenager and his disabled mother. \"When Chauncy approached me, it just pulled at my heart,\" White said, \"Here comes Chauncy, just trying to get food for him and his mom of the grace of other people.” “When I looked at him and saw what he was doing and what he was asking for, I said he was my hero.\" “Chauncy is a top student who is doing his best to make it in a world with no money and very few resources,\" White explained on the crowd funding site. \"He wants to work and help his mother financially\".\"It's so rare that we get an opportunity to affect so much change on one life,\" White wrote. \"I cannot thank you enough for caring about Chauncy. This is his big chance, and you're making it possible\".

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

Q 5. What did the teenager Chauncy do at the grocery store to get some food?

Q 6. What did the stranger do for Chauncy? Q 7. What do we learn about Chauncy? Section B Conversation 1

M: That was my last week economic lecture of the week. And here is the weekend again. W: What are you up to tonight? I was just wondering if we could try out the new restaurant on Charles Street, then go on to Queen Victoria for a drink.

M: Sorry, I'm heading home this weekend for my brother's 18th birthday. W：Oh, that's great.

M: All my relatives are gonna there, as well as my brother's horrible friends, of course. Listen, why won't you come along? Mom would be absolutely delighted to see you again. She's always asking after you.

W: Yes, I'd love to see her too.

M: So, please, do come. It would be great. And besides, with Jonathan's wild game to contend with, I'd really welcome an ally.

W: That sounds tempting. But I won't be ready till 5:00, as I've got my statistic seminar now. What time are you heading off?

M: well, I was going to leave right away. However, I can hang around for you if you like. It just means that I'll need to change my ticket.

W: But wouldn't that be too much trouble for you?

M: No, not at all. I'll go to the station first, and see if I can get tickets for us on the 6:30 train. Then, you can join me there. I'll text you when it's done.

W: Brilliant. Are you absolutely positive if it's Ok? I wouldn't want to impose.

M: Don't worry, you are most welcome to join our party. And as I always say \"the more, the merrier\".

W: Look, I'd better go, or I'll be late. So, I'll meet you down at the station around 6:00. M: Fine, see you later.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the news report you have just heard. Q 8. What has the man just done?

Q 9. What is the man going to do this weekend?

Q 10. What does the man ask the woman to do? Q 11. How will they go to the man's home? Conversation 2

M: Hi, Jane. How's everything going?

W: So far so good. I've just finished my last exam.

M: Good. The term is coming to an end. Do you think we should take a holiday overseas to relax and have fun? I've saved my tips from my waiter job these past few months, and I should have enough by July.

W: Yes, that's a wonderful idea. I've got a little put aside for a rainy day, but I might need to earn a little more before we go. By the way, what’s it like working in the restaurant?

M: Well, it's really tough, as working a 10-hour shift is like hell. I'm not sure if it'll suit you. But it's pretty cool if your boss is all right. Do you think we should invite some others to come along?

W: Yes, we could ask Tom and Tracy if they are interested. I haven't been abroad for a long while. And it would be great to go somewhere by the sea. I can't wait. And if Tom goes, we could go sailing. He has a lot experience with boats, and it'll work out a lot cheaper to hire one if there's more of us to share the cost.

M: So, that's the plan. We'll save as much as we can and go sailing next July. Let's say Spain, or anywhere cheap would be fine.

W: OK. But first we'd better contact Tom and Tracy, and see if they are up for it. If not, it'll be back to the drawing board.

Q 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Q 12. What does the man think of doing?

Q 13. What has the man been doing for the past few months? Q 14. What does the woman say she needs to do before departure? Q 15. Why does the woman want to invite Tom? Section C Passage One

Most people know Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice.However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize

winner.

Irene Currie was born on September 12th, 1897.At the age of ten, Irene's talents and interests in mathematics were apparent.Irene entered Sorbonne University in October 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, she left Sorbonne University to help her mother, who was using x-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued this work by developing x-ray facilities for military hospitals in France and Belgium. After the war she received a military medal for her work. In 1918, Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot visited the institute where he met Marie Curie. Frederic became one of her assistants, and Irene taught him the techniques required to work with radioactivity. Irene and Frederic soon fell in love and got married on October 29th, 1926. Their daughter was born in 1927 and their son in 1932.

Like her mother, Irene combined family with career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband Frederic in 1935, for producing new radioactive elements. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of her exposure to radiation. Irene Joliot Curie died on March 17th, 1956.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. Q16: What does the speaker say about Marie Curie's daughter? Q17: For what was Irene Curie awarded a military medal? Q18: In what way were Marie and Irene similar? Passage Two

Have you ever heard of the Vikings? They were sea travelers from Norway. More than 1,000 years ago, they made three important geographical discoveries.

The Vikings' first major discovery occurred in the 9th century. A man called Naddodd was on his way from Norway to the Faroe Islands, north of England, when his ship was caught in a storm. The storm blew the ship west for several days. When the weather cleared, Naddodd found himself on the coast of a new land.Later, Viking travelers named it Iceland.

In 982, a Viking called Eric the Red, sailed west in search of new land. 500 miles west of Iceland, he and his men reached an icy rocky massive land. They sailed around it until they reached the western side. Here, they found some green areas, so they named the island Greenland.

Then, in 1001, the Vikings made their most important discovery. The son of Eric the Red named Leif Erickson had heard the rumors about the land west of Greenland. He sailed west and soon found it. He and his men landed in three places. They called the first one Helluland, which means land of flat stone. The Vikings then sailed south and made their second landing. They named this place Markland. Their third landing was at a place they called Vinland. Leif Erikson and his men were the first Europeans to walk on the shores of North America, almost five hundred years earlier than Columbus.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Q 19. What do we learn about the Vikings?

Q 20. What does the passage say about the Greenland? Q 21. What does the speaker mainly talk about? Passage Three

Where do you think you will be in ten years? It’s difficult to know exactly where you will be and what you will be doing. But everyone dreams about the future. You might imagine the job you will get when you finish school. You may daydream about meeting your life partner or living in a big house by the sea.

In my dreams, I would have twins, a boy and a girl. We would live in a large two-story house with floors and staircases made of wood. Now, at the age of 46, I look back on those dreams and smile. Things haven't turned out exactly as I imagined. But I wouldn’t change what I have now for that imaginary world. In college, I studied international business and planned to enter a law school. In my third year of university, I realized that I didn't want to become a lawyer. Instead, I chose to become language teacher. I did get married, but had more than two children. We have five. Do I live in the dream house with wooden floors? No, I don't. But I love my home and I wouldn't want to live in any other place.

I believe that as a young person, it's important to dream and make plans. However, it's also important to realize that not all of your plans turned out exactly as you wish. One of the biggest lessons I've learned in life is this: \"Be happy with what you have.\"

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. Q 22: What does the speaker think everyone tends to do? Q 23: What does the speaker say he would refuse to do?

Q 24: What does the speaker major in during the first two years of college? Q 25: What is one of the biggest lessons the speaker has learned in life?