【考试百科 - 公共英语等级考试(PETS)】
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、Geography has been integrating many different subjects in its approach.
has been integrating：现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时与现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后结果。如：
A：Be careful! John has been painting the door.
B ：John has painted the door.
A句表示约翰刚刚把门刷漆过，现在油漆还末干，所以得小心。
B句则无此含义，油漆可能已经干了。
2、Many schools have eliminated geography in favor of more math and science courses.
In favor of：
(1)赞成某人/某事;支持某人/某事。如：
Was he in favor of the death penalty? (他赞成死刑吗?)
(2)(指支票)以某人/某部门为收款人。如：
Cheques should be written in favor of the Red Cross.
支票上请写明以红十字会为收款人。
3、SoI has a vital social cause other than recovering costs.
other than
(1) 除了(表示所说的不包括在内)。如：
She has no close friends other than him. (她除了他之外没有好朋友。)
(2) 不同于，而不。如：
I have never known him behave other than selfish. (我只知道他自私自利。)
4、At least, if someone like moved to your school and they’re like “I’m from whatever country” and you don’t know where that is ,it’s kind of sad.
Passage:
Ecosphere thinking
Although in theory every educated person knows that the world is more than people, resources, and a vague environment to be protected, the very fact of seeing it as one spherical air-water-land system gives it a new and different reality. From a vantage point outside our home, a revealing perspective has shown us the planet for what it really is; a ball of living star dust, a four-and-one-billion year old miracle.
Perhaps the strange human desire to fly away from the planet, to “slip the surly bonds of earth,” is a necessary impulse for discovering who we are. Perhaps we can never be satisfied on earth until we have traveled away in space and come back home, back to our roots, to where we belong.
To the question, “what is the world?” the answers still tend to be ambiguous. In the traditional sense, the earth remains the supportive environment for humanity; merely the means for enhancement of the one animal “made in God’s image.” To physical science that has denatured reality the world is a material place of molecules and atoms, of solids, liquids and gases, of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. For biological science it is a scene wherein mechanistic organisms compete for survival, driven by selfish genes. To the economist it is raw materials and resources, valueless until transformed by the “innovative genius of man” into marketable commodities. There are our humanistic homo-centred legacies—no longer reasonable.
In the profounder ecological sense, the world is now known as a unity. The various spheres—atom, hydro, litho, and bio—are intertwined and related, both in the historical evolutionary sense and in the present functional sense. Organic tissues of living things are fashioned from the elements of air, water and soil which in turn bear the imprints of life. Thus, the nutrient composition of sea water is maintained by organisms which also stabilize the improbable composition of the atmosphere. Plants and animals formed the limestone in mountains whose sediments make our bones. Our blood and sea water are akin. On the earth’s surface the artificial divisions that we have made between living and non-living, biotic and abiotic, organic and inorganic, are not only false but mischievous.
The reality of the world is not people and separate “other things”. Nor is the earth a machine whose secrets lie in its fragmented parts. It is — beyond all understanding—an integrated ecosphere of marvelous creativity.
The root meaning of “eco” is “home”, and the revealed ecosphere is the home-sphere from which all life came and in which all life exists. Thanks to NASA, ecology—which means study of the home—has had its eyes opened to the reality of the Home of all homes.
Ecology needs to escape its obsession with organisms—the legitimate subject matter of biology—and fasten its attention on the larger whole in which organisms, including people, function as parts. Ecology’s natural subject of interest is the earth-home, the ecosphere, not its fragmentary compositional parts. Ecology studies the whole; biology studies the organic constituents of the whole that are
no more important than air, water and soil
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Brief Account of the history of China. (中国历史简述)
Account：在这里应理解为“说明”的意思。
2、 China traces its origins as a clearly separate political and cultural unit to ancient times.
追溯到古代，中国是一个政治与文化划分得很清楚的国家。
as：在这里应理解为“被看作”。
3、 The dominating class in the later dynasties was made up of scholar-officials, who were recruited to serve the government based on their intelligence and skills rather than their family background.
(1)make up of sth 由……组成。如：
Farming and mining make up most of the country’s industry.
(2)rather than 与其(某人/某事)，不愿，不要，不是。如：
It’s management that’s at fault rather than the work-force.
错在资方而不在劳方。
4、 Its downfall in 1911 led the country to be torn apart by warlords, civil war, and Japanese invasion for several decades.
tear sth apart：彻底毁灭或击败某物，严厉地批评某事物。如：
The critics tore her new play to pieces. (剧评家们把她的新戏批评得一无是处。)
5、 Governor Arthur Phillip directed the ships carrying “transported” convicts and jailors into Jackson, to the north.
transported 在这里为过去分词作定语，修饰 convicts and jailors.
Passage:
Why study history?
I turned down the lights in my classroom and asked the students to close their eyes and, “Imagine you are at a beach on a sunny day.” With your mind’s eye, look around you. You see the waves lapping at the shore. To your left you see children in colorful swimsuits building sand castles, laughing and splashing in the
water. To the right you see a boat dock painted blue. Several small boats are tied to the dock. You are living in the present, observing your surroundings and feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin.
After spending some time sitting on the beach, you are becoming bored and hot, and you begin to think of the future. What do you want to do? How did you decide? Based on your past experience you know the water will be cool and refreshing, and playing in the waves will be fun, so you decide to go for a swim. Living in the present, you are making a plan for the future based on your knowledge of the past. The present, the future and the past are always tied together and are always with us.
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、what does the gravity has to do with the planets staying in orbit around the sun?
has to do with：V. 与……有关
2、It may be a case of communicating knowledge, drawing attention to new issues or enteraining on the basis of science subjects—and there is no reason why the same program cannot combine all three.
draw sb attention to sth：令某人注意某事。如：
She draw my attention to the boy who is crying on the road.
3、The film opens with an interview with Andrew Wiles, the man who discovered the solution to Fermat’s last theorem, which had remained unsolved for centuries.
open with：用……作为开场，以……开头。如：
He opened the conference with a speech of welcome.
4、But I still hope I can open screens of any size depending on the distance I want to be from the wall in my living-room.
但是我还希望可以根据我离起居室墙的距离随意调整屏幕的大小。
Passage:
The World Wide Lab
The 20th century was the golden age of the laboratory. Answers to the great research questions were sought within sheltered chambers, where small groups of specialized experts scaled down (or up) phenomena in joyful isolation. Call it the era of trickle-down science: knowledge emerged from a confined center of rational enlightenment, then slowly became known to the rest of society. Science was what
was made inside the walls where white coats were at work. Outside the laboratories boundaries began the realm of mere experience—not experiment.
Today, all this is changing. Indeed, it would be an understatement to say that soon nothing, absolutely nothing, will be left of this top-down model of scientific influence.
First, the laboratory has extended its walls to the whole planet. Instruments are everywhere. Houses, factories, and hospitals have become lab outposts. Think, for instance, of global positioning systems: thanks to satellite networks, geologists and biologists can now take measurements outside their laboratories with the same degree of precision they achieve inside. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of environmental sensors monitors the planet in real time. And research satellites observe it from above, as if the earth were under a microscope. The difference between outdoor science and lab science has slowly eroded.
【考试百科 - 公共英语等级考试(PETS)】
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、I would have thought they'd be very useful for children without brothers and sisters.
would/should have +过去分词，表示“应该做某事”，而实际没有。
本句可以翻译为：我应该想到它们对独生子女是很有用的。
2、The reality is that people learn subjects such as languages and mathematics at different speeds.
Speed：【俚语】在这里应翻译为： 嗜好，个性：适合某人的兴趣、技能或性格的东西：
E.G. Living in a large city is not my speed.
住在大城市里不是我所喜欢的
1、 My parents recognized that the best learning is learning-by-doing, and they facilitated a lot of interesting experiences for me, whether it was driving me across town, paying for courses and lessons, or just including me in their lives.
我的父母认识到，最好的学习方法是边干边学。为此，他们让我体会了许多有趣的经历：或者开车带我在镇里转转，或者花钱让我让各种班，或者干脆将我直接纳入他们的生活。
本句解析：My parents recognized that the best learning is learning-by-doing, and they facilitated a lot of interesting experiences for me, (前半部分是具有递进意义的两个并列分句)whether it was driving me across town, paying for courses and lessons, or just including me in their lives. (后半部分是样态状语从句，其中由三个现在
分词短语作表语)。
2、 interacting with a large group of people my own age was one of the joys I derived from school.
Derive sth from sth.
<1> 得到，获得。如：
She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 用药疗程后她并无好转。
<2>对某事物穷本穷源。如：
We can derive the word ‘derelict’ from the Latin ‘derelictus’
derelict 一词的起源可追溯到拉丁词 derelictus。
Passage:
China’s education system
The development of education is of primary importance in china. Under the policy of “developing the country through science and education,” each child is offered free education for a compulsory nine years and the education system is constantly being improved. “oriented towards modernization, the world, and the future” is the guiding principle for the development of the Chinese education
system, both in the long and the short term.
China’s education system can be divided into the following stages:
考试百科 - 公共英语等级考试(PETS)】
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Once, everyday brought new challenges and experiences. Now, As far as your job’s concerned, you’ve been there, seen it and done it too.
As far as… concerned：就……而言。如：
As far as we’re concerned you can go whenever you want.
就我们而言，随时想走都可以走。
2、My experience it that if you have a control of several languages, then you put it in, you put that
to use only occasionally—but the occasion is often a highly critical one!
put sth in 花时间(精力)做某事。如：
Thank you for all the hard work you’ve put in.——谢谢你的这一切努力。
全句翻译：我的经验是如果你确实已经掌握了几种语言，也要花很多时间去练习，因为在某些场合你会用到这些语言——而这些场合通常都是至关重要的!
Passage:
How to find freelance administrative work
If you have good office management and computer sills, you might consider looking for freelance administrative work. As a general category, this includes word processing, data entry, calendar or appointment planning, basic billing and other administrative support tasks. If you have administrative experience, then all the better for showing prospective employers that you are knowledgeable, skilled and reliable.
Your first step to finding freelance administrative work is to craft a list of services. Write something up yourself, then research online and in newspaper classified ads to get ideas about services to add to your list or other ways to word your offerings. The goal is to present a comprehensive list of services that leaves no questions in the reader’s mind.
Once you have this list, you can add your hourly fees. If you’ve unsure about what your rates should be, call several local temp agencies to learn what they charge their clients. You can also use the salaries advertised in the newspaper as a
guild—simply divide the annual salary into an hourly rate.
【考试百科 - 公共英语等级考试(PETS)】
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Inevitably sometimes I’ll end up working evenings and weekends to meet deadline.
有时候，我为了最后期限前完成工作，无可避免地开夜车、放弃周末加班。
2、 There’s often as much stress or even more, because your success all boils down to what you do.
压力经常一样、甚至更大，因为你的所有成功都得自你的所作所为。(boil down to sth.归结为***)
3、 Sometimes you’ll need to do the books (and let’s hope you’re not too creative with that), and sometime you have to market your services, or clean up code, or cut and paste copy.
有时候你得做书面工作(让我们姑且认为你不在这方面创意泛滥吧)，有时候你必须推广你们的服务，或者整理代码，或者剪切、粘贴副本。
4、 You may be working with an entire company’s worth of differing agendas and personalities to develop a website.
为了建成一个公司网站，你可能要利用到整个公司的种种议事日程和个性信息。(worth在这里是个量词，“整个的”)
5、 Take the approach that in order to fit in and contribute.
利用刚才的方法及早上手，并作出点贡献吧。
6、 Will I have interesting features from APTN, Reuters, CNN or other partners?
我们会不会上美联环球电视、路透社、有线新闻网或者其他伙伴的特别报道啊?
Passage:
I work in a university library. I’m a library aide which isn’t very high up the ladder in fact and on those organizational flow charts you get mine is the job put at the bottom of the page right in the corner. But I like my work which I know makes me luckier than a lot of people. There’s variety, and I get to meet some interesting people. In fact I meet people from places I wouldn’t even know where to look for on the map.
There are periods of boredom however, skull-crushing, mind-numbing boredom. And summer is the worst, as you can imagine summer in a university library doesn’t exactly buzz. You might think that’s a bonus, especially if you’
ve worked somewhere when at times there is almost nothing to do you can’t appreciate the sense of time creeping, the felling of sleepiness, the sheer physical dullness in the atmosphere and the sense of something like panic that sets in at the thought of yet another hour of trying to shelve from empty shelves or an hour standing at a desk waiting and hoping for readers to appear. But that only lasts two or three months until, suddenly, they’re back and the year starts again with its moments of frantic effort and spells of inactivity.
【考试百科 - 公共英语等级考试(PETS)】
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
1、 Don’t go straight into politics, because no one will be particularly interested.
不要直面政治界，因为没人会特别感兴趣。
2、 There were big, difficult decisions to be taken during the Gulf War.
have sth to be done 意思是有某事将要去做.
在海湾战争中，曾有许多重大、艰难的事务有待决断。
3、 We were sometimes at odds with the Americans, and even the Germans.
我们有时候和美国人合不来，有时候甚至和德国人也不亲善。
4、 But the new bill requires that any American wishing to sponsor immigrations must have an income 125 percent above the poverty level. Previously, a sponsor needed only an income at poverty level.
但是新的法案要求，每个愿作移民担保的美国人必须拥有高于贫困线125%的收入。以前，担保人只要不在贫困线之下就可以了。
5、 Wasn’t it after the women’s conference in Nairobi ten years ago that the world focused for the first time on the crisis of domestic violence?
难道不是十年前在内罗毕召开的妇女大会让全世界首次聚焦家庭暴力吗?
6、 What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish.
我们在全世界看到的都是，如果妇女健康又受过教育，她们的家庭就兴旺;如果妇女免于暴力之苦，她们的家庭就安康;如果妇女有工作机会并能同工同酬，她们的家庭就富裕。
7、 That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on our planet in society, has a stake in the discussion that takes place here.
这就是为什么我们这个星球上的每个女子、男子、儿童、家庭、国家，都参与了此时
此刻的决定。(这里的stake是“股份”而不是“赌注”的意思，所以我这样翻译)
8、 I took it after consultation with members of the then new South African government, including President Nelson Mandela.
我在征询了新一届南非政府成员，包括纳尔逊*曼德拉总统的意见之后，这样决定。
Passage:
Compared to elections to other countries, a British election is a rapid and straightforward affair. Traditionally about 75 percent of the country’s 44 million registered voters take part. They each place a cross next to the name of the candidate they want to vote for on a ballot paper. In a general election, voters choose the man or woman they wish to represent them in the House of Commons.
Unlike other countries, Britain uses the “first-past-the-post” method for choosing its government. Under this system, the candidate who wins the highest number of votes in each constituency becomes the Member of Parliament (MP) for the seat, even if he or she has less than half of the total vote. Currently, there are 651 geographical constituencies in Britain.
【考试百科 - 公共英语等级考试(PETS)】
下半年PETS考试备考已经拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家备考，从本期开始我们将为大家整理一系列公共英语三级考试PETS3级学习笔记，希望对大家备考有帮助。
Dialogues /monologues:
1、we lived with a cousin in Dallas for 2 years.
lived with：与……同住(寄宿在…家)
2、I have to do a load of laundry today.
我今天还得洗完一筐衣服。
3、I think my parents would have liked to live overseas for at least 20 more years.
我想(要不是这样),父母可能还要在海外生活至少20年。(虚拟语气，实际上父母已经
回国了)
4、A lot of proposals floating around state legislatures are aimed at throwing the children of illegal immigrants out of public schools. Do you find such ideas helpful?
许多旨在从公立学校驱逐非法移民子女的提议日日涌向州立法团体，您认为这些办法有益吗?(floating是“未决定的”)
Passage:
I got a chance to actually meet an online friend in real life when I went on vacation to San Francisco. I‘d left a note in my live Journal telling everyone where I’d be going. When I went online at the hotel, I found a comment from my friend Kim telling me that she lived nearby in Palo Alto, and asking if I wanted to get together.
After checking with my parents, I rushed back to the computer to let her know that I cloud meet her on my way back too Los Angeles. We exchanged cell phone numbers and set up a meeting place and time. After hanging up, though, I began to get nervous. I had known her for a few months, but meeting someone in person is a lot different than chatting over the internet, and I was worried it wouldn’t turn out well.
We both brought people with us for safety reasons—I brought my parents and she brought a friend—and met in front of a bookstore. I got there a few minutes early, and instructed my parents to please try not to embarrass me. I didn’t see her at first, but after a few minutes, we both recognized each other.
Even though I’d never met her before, I felt like I knew her from all the times we’d talked online. We talked about graphic design, the classes we were taking, clubs we were in and college, which we were both stressed out about since California schools are so competitive and it’s becoming harder to get accepted into good universities. My parents seemed to have a good time too—my dad got into some incredibly involved science conversation with Kim’s friend Derrick.
The meeting lasted less than an hour, since I had to get home. At the end, we hurried outside to take photos with each other, them said goodbye. Even though the meeting was short, it was a lot of fun, and we made plans to get together again if I came up north or she visited near Los Angeles. Now, we talk online several times a week. Before we had only a few conversations a month.
Meeting Kim helped my parents and I get more used to the idea of online and offline life intersecting. I’m glad to have found friends whom I never would have discovered otherwise.
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