step by step 3000 第一册 Unit 12

Unit 12. Dictation.

In this unit, you'll hear 11 items for dictation.

Each item will be presented three times, write down every word you hear.

Item One.

Vocabulary. tactile1.

Different people have different ways of learning. We call this your \"learning style\senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses, hearing, seeing, touching2, etc, to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of the senses more than the others. Some people learn best by listening, they are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures, they are called visual learners.And some learn best by touching and doing things, they are called tactile learners. Now scientists don't know why people use one sense more than the others, maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.

Item two.

Vocabulary. Yosemite.

Today, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States.It's one of the most beautiful places in the country.Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes.It has high mountains, it has valleys formed by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago.Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far bellow1. There are 13 beautiful water falls in Yosemite valley. One of these water falls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on earth. Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassing areas where you can see wild animals. Item1 three.

Vocabulary. Canadian, Mexican.

America's national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than 2,000

kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to another.

Item four.

Vocabulary. convey, gaze, volume, wink1, compliment, norms.

The way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without you even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. The eyes are the window of the soul, according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures, but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult depending on the culture. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way of a person gazes thus expresses a strong message, but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared. Item1 five.

Vocabulary. catalogue2.

This time of the year, Americans spend lots of time shopping for the holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues3, the magazines that offer company's products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet.Industry experts say American businesses should have about 184 thousand million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.

Item Six.

Vocabulary. govern, charter1, Lausanne, Oceania.

IOC stands for \"International Olympic Committee\" which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paries on 23 June, 1894. Its headquarters2 are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents, Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement's rules are contained in a book called The

Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.

Item seven.

Vocabulary. pedestrian, t mycrack oll1.

There are far too may road accidents in this country, too many death and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians2. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the state of the road and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrian, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.

Item eight.

Vocabulary. fossil, molecule1, hydrogen, carbon, sulfur2.

Petroleum3 has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means \"rock oil\". Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains4 of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep bellow5 levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules6 of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil or unprocessed petroleum is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur and impurity7. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude which is often more valuable.

Item nine.

Vocabulary. poverty, halt, malaria1.

In September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium2 Development Goals. Among them, cut in half the number of people living on less than 1 dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving

survival rates for pregnant women and young children and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing3 with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.

Item 10.

Vocabulary. eclipse1.

One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes, for time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted2 natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.

Item eleven.

Vocabulary. migration1, resistance, integrated.

The World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than 9,000 million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.

1 tactile

adj.触觉的，有触觉的，能触知的 参考例句：

•

Norris is an expert in the tactile and the tangible.诺里斯创作最精到之处便是，他描绘的人物使人看得见摸得着。

•

Tactile communication uses touch rather than sight or hearing.触觉交流，是用触摸感觉，而不是用看或听

来感觉。

2 touching

adj.动人的，使人感伤的 参考例句：

•

It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。

•

His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

1 bellow

v.吼叫，怒吼；大声发出，大声喝道 参考例句：

•

The music is so loud that we have to bellow at each other to be heard.音乐的声音实在太大，我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清。

•

After a while,the bull began to bellow in pain.过了一会儿公牛开始痛苦地吼叫。

1 item

n.项目；条款；（消息，情报等的）一条

参考例句：

• •

We should go on to the next item for time is short.时间不多了，我们应该谈下一项内容。 Put this item on our daily work schedule.把这项工作提到议事日程上来。

1 wink

n.眨眼，使眼色，瞬间；v.眨眼，使眼色，闪烁 参考例句：

• •

He tipped me the wink not to buy at that price.他眨眼暗示我按那个价格就不要买。 The satellite disappeared in a wink.瞬息之间，那颗卫星就消失了。

1 item

n.项目；条款；（消息，情报等的）一条 参考例句：

• •

We should go on to the next item for time is short.时间不多了，我们应该谈下一项内容。 Put this item on our daily work schedule.把这项工作提到议事日程上来。

2 catalogue

n.目录，总目；vt.编入目录 参考例句：

•

The librarian entered a new book in the catalogue.图书管理员把一本新书编入目录。

•

The catalogue is under revision.目录册正在修订之中。

3 catalogues

v.为…编目录( catalogue的第三人称单数 )；登记分类；记载；登记（某人、某事等的详情） 参考例句：

•

Catalogues of our books will be sent on request. 书籍目录承索即寄。 来自《简明英汉词典》

•

Catalogues of our books will be mailed on request. 书目承索即寄。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

1 charter

n.特许状，执照，宪章；v.特许，发给特许执照 参考例句：

• •

This new law amounts to a tax evader's charter.这项新法律简直成了为逃税者开的许可证。 We will charter a steamer to convey the goods.我们将租一艘船运送这批货物。

2 headquarters

n.司令部，指挥部；总部，总店 参考例句：

• •

Several great guns from the headquarters are coming to see us today.总部的几个大人物今天要来看我们。 The bank has its headquarters in Pairs.这家银行的总行在巴黎。

1 toll

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• •

The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。 The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

2 pedestrians

n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

•

Several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

•

Pedestrians keep to the sidewalk [footpath]! 行人走便道。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

1 molecule

n.分子，克分子 参考例句：

•

A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈f婘 妈成的。

•

This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

2 sulfur

n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur） 参考例句：

• •

Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。 Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。

3 petroleum

n.原油，石油 参考例句：

• •

The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。 The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

4 remains

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 参考例句：

• •

He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。 The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 bellow

v.吼叫，怒吼；大声发出，大声喝道 参考例句：

•

The music is so loud that we have to bellow at each other to be heard.音乐的声音实在太大，我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清。

•

After a while,the bull began to bellow in pain.过了一会儿公牛开始痛苦地吼叫。

6 molecules

分子( molecule的名词复数 ) 参考例句：

•

The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。

•

Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

7 impurity

n.不洁，不纯，杂质 参考例句：

• •

The oxygen reacts vigorously with the impurity in the iron.氧气与铁中的杂质发生剧烈的化学反应。 The more general impurity acid corrosion faster.一般来说杂质越多酸蚀速度越快。

1 malaria n.疟疾 参考例句：

• •

He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。

Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 millennium

n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世 参考例句：

• •

The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。 We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千

年的最后几秒钟。

3 dealing

n.经商方法，待人态度 参考例句：

•

This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。

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His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

1 eclipse

v.使黯然失色，使相形见绌，日食，月食 参考例句：

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During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。 There will be an eclipse of the moon next month.下个月有月食。

2 noted

adj.著名的，知名的 参考例句：

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The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。 Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

1 migration

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• •

Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。 He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。