宾语从句

一、宾语从句的概念

在复合句中充当充当宾语的句子，我们称之为宾语从句。可以放在主句的动词后，也可以放在主句的形容词后。

宾语从句是初中英语教材中重点语法之一，也是中考一个考查热点。

例：We know that Mr Green teaches English.

连接词

She asked if these answers were right. 连接词

Do you know whom they are waiting for ?

连接词

She is not sure whether she can pass the English exam. 连接词

二、宾语从句的三要素

连接词宾语从句三要素语序（语句的顺序）时态

1.连接词

1)由连接词that引导的宾语从句；

此时从句部分的语义相当于一个陈述句，that没有词义，不充当句子成分，可以省略。

e.g.

I hear (that) he will come back.

He said (that) he missed us very much.

The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

2)由连接词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句；

此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句，whether和if的意思是“是否”，不充当句子成分，不能省略。

e.g.

I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us

Ask him whether (if) he can come

I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not

注意点：一般情况下，whether和if可以互换使用，但要注意只能用whether，不能用if的情形：

①当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if;

②在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if;

③在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if;

④放在句首只能用whether.

2)由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句；

和连接副词

此时从句部分的语义相当于一个特殊疑问句，连接词有自己本身的词义，充当句子成分，不能省略。

Can you tell me where he is?

Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

He asked who could answer the question.

解题方法：主要根据句子的意思和连接词在从句中充不充当句子成分作出选择。

( ) 1. I don’t doubt _______ she can do it well, but I doubt _______ she is willing to do it.

A. that; that B. if; if C. that; if that

D. if;

( ) 2.Are you sure you have to do it ?It’s been too late. ----I don’t know _________I can do it if not now.

A that B when C how D where

( ) 3.His words remind me __________we did together during the past holiday.

A.that B.what C.of what D.of that

2.语序

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。

Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ?

He asked him where he came from .

Did you know what’s the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？

Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .

注意：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

What’s wrong? What’s the matter?

What’s happening? What happened?

e.g.I don’t know what’s the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

解题方法：一律为陈述句语序，“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”

( )1. These pictures show us ______ in Wuxi in the past.

A. what everyday life was like B. what was everyday life like

C. how everyday life was like D. how was everyday life like

( )2. Could you please tell me____________________?

A. how long has your father been in Shanghai

B. how soon will the train arrive

C. how did you deal with the problem

D. which is the way to the station

3.时态的变化

1)当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。

e.g.

Tom has been to Guilin twice .she will come tomorrow .I hear ( that )Jim went to work an hour ago .he is interested in English

解题方法:主句用一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据实际情况选用各种时态。（主现从随意）

1.I don’t know if they ______________(show) around the History Museum yesterday.

2.Let’s send him some flowers. I’m sure that ______________(cheer) him up.

3.Since you’ve planned it carefully. I’m sure the task (complete)

perfectly.

2)当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。

解题方法:主句用一般过去时，宾语从句要用与之相对应的过去时态。（从句表示客观真理、自然现象时除外）（主过从过）

e.g.

he would go to Xi'an .he was ill yesterday .He said ( that )he was reading a book .he had had supper already .

1. I never thought you _________ (bring) me such a nice present.

2 His sad look showed that he _______ (fail) to win the contest.

3.I supposed（认为）that Sam ________(get)better grades in the coming exam because he worked harder than before.

3)当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的，仍是用一般现在时态。

例句 He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .

The teacher told the students that no news is good news .

考查宾语从句的三要素(时态，连词，语序同时考查）

( ) 1. Which of the following sentences is RIGHT?

A. I’m not sure that he will come back in 2 days.

B. Can you tell me which is the way to the hospital

C. He asked me what I will do the next day.

D. I am not interested in if he is crazy about football.

( ) 2. You English is so good.Can you tell me ？

A.where did you learn it B.where will you learn it

C.where you will learn it D.where you learnt it

( )3.––Excuse me, could you tell me _______? ––Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here, too.

A.when the museum opens B. where is the Ancient Town of

Dangkou

C. how long the old lady had lived here D. how did you celebrate Halloween

( )4.I don't know if she_________ tomorrow. But if she_________tomorrow, please let me know.

A. will come; comes B. comes; will come

C. will come D. comes; come

一、单项选择

( ) 1.The teenagers usually have many problems at school, and they don’t know________them.

A.what they should deal with B.how they should deal wih

C.what should they do with D.how should the do with

( ) 2.Mr Wu, could you tell me____________?-----You’d better do more speaking.

A.How i can improve my English

B.Which way can i choose

C.How i do with my English

D.What’s wrong with my English

( ) 3. ----What did Max just say to you ? --He asked me_____.

A if I would like to go skating B when did I buy this CD

C where I will spend the weekend D that I had a good time

( )4.I often doubt___ he says.

A. whether to believe what B.whether should I believe what

C. If to believe that D.whether to believe that

( )5. I really don’t know ___they’re so crazy about playing football.

A. how B.what C.why D.where

( )6. It’s time to decide what to do and ____.

A. when to do B. when to do it C.when I should do D. how should I do it

( )7. Could you tell me_____?

A. what she has dealt with the camera.

B. how we can call this lady

C. what is wrong with the watch

D. which city we should go

( )8.The boy asked his father ________.

A. when would they go to for a holiday

B. who was the television invented by

C. how the life will be like in the year 2100

D. if he could watch TV after finishing his homework

( )9.I don’t care how you do the job. I only care it can be done. Just give me a date!

A. where B.when C.what D. why

( )10.They promised that they me look for my key until it was

found. But they soon walked away.

A. will help B. have helped C. would help D. had helped

( )11.—I’ve just received a Wechat message - “ttyl”. Do you know ?

—It stands for “talk to you later”.

A. how does it mean B. how it means C. what does it mean D.what it means

二、动词填空：

1. --- Hi, I haven’t seen you so long, how are you?

--- Fine, glad to see you. I didn’t know you (be) here.

4. The house will look a little bigger if its walls _____________ (paint) blue or white.

5. We haven’t decided whether _____________ (sell) the house.

6. I have made up my mind to tell her the secret, because I believe she ___________ (keep) it between us.

7. As we all know that doing morning exercises__________ (make) us healthy.

8.He told me that he _____________ (return) home before 6 o’clock, but he didn’t.

6.A report shows that the price of the new flats________(rise)by 20%.It is hard for young people to afford one.

8.---Have you received John's application form?

---Not yet.He told me that he____________(hand)it in soon.