2020版学案导学英语(人教版)必修4第一部分 必修四 Unit 4

Ⅰ.单词默写

1．Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach(接近) this important point.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)

2．The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents (代表)an enormous threat to agriculture.(2017·江苏卷)

3．Although birds use their feathers for flights (飞行)，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京卷)

4．The college years are supposed to be a time for the development of adult (成年人)identity.(2016·北京卷)

5．The doctor will give you some medicine to ease (减轻) your pain. 6．She functioned (担任) as assistant to the general manager in a company. 7．He looked very pale; his cheeks(面颊)had sunk in.

8．Which are you more likely (可能的) to have with you at any given moment—your cell phone or your wallet?

9．Please decide whether the following statements are true or false (错误的)． 10．Her major (主要) subject is chemistry while she loves English most. 11．We often practise spoken English in our dormitory (宿舍)． 12．The man was shaking his fist (拳头) at us through the window. 13．They hugged (拥抱) each other when they met at the station. 14．In the army，he once had the rank (军衔) of Captain. 15．I felt so sleepy that I couldn’t stop yawning (打哈欠)． 16．As a critic，his writing is far too subjective(主观的)．

Ⅱ.词性转换

1．One’s facial(face) expression may tell you some of his/her inner feelings. 2．The teacher often asks us to make use of every chance we get to improve our spoken (speak) English.

3．Hearing what her children said，the mother burst into anger(angry)．

4．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity．(curious)

5．In time of war，lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)

6．He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)

7．If you misunderstand somebody，it’s likely to lead to a misunderstanding．(misunderstand) Ⅲ.短语填空

1．Look，dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is__likely__to(很可能)rain later on. 2．In__general(总的来说)，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.

3．The pencil－box on the desk as__well__as(也；和)the bookmarks belongs to my little sister.

4．When the door was opened suddenly，the boy covered his head with his hands，as__if (好像)in defence.

5．After the doctor’s visit，the patient felt more at__ease(舒适)． 6．If Tom doesn’t keep his promise，he’ll lose__face(丢脸)． 7．They put__up(搭建)their tents and settled down for the night.

8．I didn’t see his face clearly because he turned__his__back__to (背对)me.

1．句型公式：不定式作后置定语

我儿子高兴地对我说他是他们班第三个完成作业并且唯一一个得满分的人。 My

son

told

me

gladly

that

he

was

the__third__person__to__finish__his__work__and__the__only__one__to__get__full__marks in his class. 2．句型公式：部分否定not all

并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。

Not__all__are__willing__to__do__such__work，for it is quite hard for some of them. 3．句型公式：be likely to do sth

毫无疑问它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。

There is no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of health，but it is__more__likely__to result in over－anxiety.(广东卷·满分作文)

第一板块 重点单词

1.represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/微写作

①She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.

②Much to his delight，the top student will represent his school to__make (make) a speech at the meeting.

③In the afternoon，you together with some of our student representatives

(representative)are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.(天津卷·写作)

④我代表学校非常高兴告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。(陕西卷·写作) Representing__our__school，I’m__glad__to__tell__you__something__about these__activities. 状元笔记全记牢

(1)represent...as/to be... 把……描绘成…… represent sb to do sth 代表某人做某事 represent oneself as/to be... 自称是…… (2)representative n. 代表

adj. 典型的；有代表性的 a representative of... 的典型代表 2.curiously adv.好奇地；奇妙地 高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作

①But curiously(curious)enough，it was Katharine who refused this. ②People gathered round，curious to__know(know)what was happening. ③The little boy，out of curiosity(curious)，took the radio set apart.

④Suddenly the girl quieted down and with a curiosity began looking all around.去掉a

⑤All the lights were off and the boy curious began looking all around. curious→curiously

⑥中国学生对美国学生的学校生活感到好奇。

Chinese__students__are__curious__about__the__school__life__of__American__students.(全国卷Ⅰ) 状元笔记全记牢

(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 渴望做…… (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇

meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地

3.approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近；找……商量 n.接近；方法；途径；步骤；通道

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/单句改错/一句多译/微写作

①Did Mary approach you about/on lending her some money?

②He makes approaches (approach) to anyone who can offer him a chance to practise English.

③The job market has changed and our approaches to find work must change as well.find→finding ④冬天临近，天气转冷。

④－1 As winter is__approaching，the weather becomes cold. ④－2 The__approach__of winter brings the cold weather.

⑤随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会庆祝这个重要的节日。 As__Teachers’__Day__was__approaching，our__class__decided__to__hold__a party__to__celebrate__the__important__day. 状元笔记全记牢

(1)approach sb on/about sth 就某事与某人洽谈(商量、交涉) be approaching 快到了 (2)the approach of ……的到来 make approaches to sb 设法接近某人 approach to (做某事的)方法 【联想】

表示“……来临”的其他表达有：be drawing near， be around the corner。

第二板块 核心短语

1.in general总的来说；通常 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错

①In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.(2016·四川卷) ②Generally(general) speaking，the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.

③The more ancient any form is，the more，as general rule，it differs from living forms.as后加a 状元笔记全记牢

as a general rule 一般而言；通常 generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言 【联想】 “总之”的其他表达： ①all in all ②in a word ③on the whole ④to sum up ⑤in summary/short ⑥in a nutshell ⑦in conclusion ⑧to conclude 2.lose face丢脸；失面子 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错

①Faced with difficulties，they never give up but try their best to find a way out. ②Rather than admit failure，Frank made a face in order to save his face. ③John’s careless work made him lose a face before his boss.去掉a

④In face of the disaster，people united，making every effort together to rescue the trapped people.face前加the 状元笔记全记牢

(1)save one’s face 挽回面子 make a face 做个鬼脸 (2)be faced with 面对 (3)face to face 面对面

in the face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等) 3.at ease舒适；快活；自由自在 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错

①At first，he didn’t feel at ease in the strange surroundings but later he adapted to it. ②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

③It is a routine to walk for half an hour every day，which helps to ease him of his pressure.

④I felt that he was not at an ease with what he had prepared.去掉an

⑤When you feel nervous，you’d better listen to some light music to put you at ease.第三个you→yourself 状元笔记全记牢

(1) feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb at ease 使某人放松 with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 take one’s ease 休息；轻松一下

(2)ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)

第三板块 经典句式

1.The first person to__arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。 高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作

①Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to__win the Nobel Prize，and the first person to__win it twice.(win)

②The ability to__express(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.(湖南卷) ③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts contact you failed.contact前加to

④He studied hard and at last he had a chance go abroad. go前加to

⑤她是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女士。

She__is__the__first__woman__in__China__to__win__the__Nobel__Prize. 状元笔记全记牢

(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。

(2)抽象名词后常常使用动词不定式作定语，常见的抽象名词有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。

2.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely__to touch them.

但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/一句多译

①That means the price is likely to__go (go) down because of the competition. ②It’s probable that they will come back next week. ③如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。

③－1 You are__likely__to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ③－2 It__is__likely__that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.

状元笔记全记牢

Sb/Sth be likely to do sth＝ It’s likely that...意为“……做某事是可能的”。 It is probable that...很可能……

It is possible （for sb） to do

(某人)可能做……

It is possible that...

Ⅰ.课文短文改错

Not all cultures greet each others the same way，nor are they comfortable in same way with touching or distance between people.In the same way people communicate to spoken language，they also express his feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture.English people，for example，do not usually

stands very close to others or touch stranger as soon as they meet.However，people from places like Spain，Italy and South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touching them.Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking the hands，and some cultures use other greetings as well such as the Japanese，who prefer to bow it. 答案

others

Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in

 same way with touching or distance between people.In the same way people thetohis

communicate with spoken language，they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture.English people，standsstranger

for example，do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as

and

they meet.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American

touching

countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.Most people

and

around the world now greet each other by shaking the hands， some cultures use

butother greetings as well such as the Japanese，who prefer to bow it. Ⅱ.单元要点微写作

请根据下面提示，写一篇说明文介绍“肢体语言”在不同文化中的差异及在交流中的重要性。

1.不同文化背景的人们对手势可能产生误会。

2.点头的意思：我们国家表示“同意”，而有的国家表示“不同意”。 3.直视别人的意思：我们国家表示“认真倾听”；而有的国家对此认为是“不礼貌的”。

4.在国外生活必须了解当地的肢体语言。 注意：1.词数60左右； 2.尽量使用本单元的知识点； 3.可适当增加细节。 【参考范文】

Body language is a way of communication.However，people from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use.For example，when we nod at somebody we mean we agree with his opinion.But in some countries nodding one’s head means disagreement.We generally think looking at somebody in the eye shows that we are listening to him attentively，while in some nations，it is rude.People may have different body languages even if they live in the same country.Therefore it is very important for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you are in a foreign country. Ⅲ.写作句型锤炼

主体段落常用句型锤炼之十七：nor/neither引起的倒装句

►先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心

1．Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and nor/neither will Tom. 简今晚不会和我们一起吃晚饭，汤姆也不会。

2．He didn’t watch the game last night, and nor/neither did I. 昨天晚上他没有看这场比赛，我也没有。

3．He doesn’t like this director.Nor/Neither does he like his films. 他不喜欢这个导演，也不喜欢这个导演拍摄的电影。 4．I won’t do such a thing.Nor/Neither will anyone else. 我不会做这样的事，别人也不会。

5．The first one wasn’t good and nor/neither was the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。 ►后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 1．我将不去那里。她也不去。

I__won’t__go__there.Nor/Neither__will__she. 2．我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。

I__don’t__know__where__he__lives.Nor/Neither__does__she. 3．我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。

I__didn’t__write__my__composition__last__night.Nor/Neither__did__Wei__Fang.

A

There are many ways to say hello in English.Sometimes you say a quick hello as you are passing somebody.At other times a greeting leads to a conversation.Friends and family members greet each other in a casual way.Business greetings are more formal.

Greetings in passing

It is polite to greet a person you know.However，you don’t always have time to stop and have a conversation.Just remember to smile as you say hello.A small wave is also polite.Sometimes you pass the same person a second time on the same day.You can say“hello again”or just smile.

Tips：

·Slow down to greet someone you know.You don’t have to stop what you are doing (walking，working，shopping)．

·Say hello in an appropriate form. ·Smile and wave. Useful phrases ·Hello ·Hi

·Good morning ·Good afternoon ·Good evening ·Hey，John. ·How’s it goin’？

*Native speakers often shorten “going” to“goin” in casual greetings. Greetings in business

Proper etiquette(礼仪) is important in business greetings.Make sure to use polite language such as “please” and “thank you”．Appropriate titles and gestures should also be used.Shaking hands is common in most English－speaking countries.It is also important to smile.

Tips：

·Introduce yourself with name and title. ·Shake hands.

·Express happiness to meet the other person. ·Give or accept directions. Useful phrases ·Please have a seat.

·Thanks for agreeing to meet with me. ·Can I offer you something to drink? ·My pleasure.

For greetings on other occasions，please visit http：//www.englishclub.com. 【语篇导读】 在不同的场合，打招呼的方式和措辞有所差异。看看你能从本文学到什么吧。

1．It is proper for you to greet the doorkeeper in your workplace in the morning with ________．

A．a smile C．a hug and kisses

B．“hello again” D．a warm handshake

答案 A [公司的看门人是你所熟悉的人，所以不必拘礼，一个微笑足矣。] 2．Which of the following is appropriate in business greetings? A．How’s it goin’？ B．Hi there，buddy! C．Why not have a seat?

D．Thanks for honoring us with this visit.

答案 D [商业场合，礼貌用语和礼貌措辞很重要(如D项，承蒙造访，不胜荣幸)，不能太随意(如A，B，C项)，由此可知答案为D。] 3．This text is probably selected from a website about ________．

A．cultural exchange C．English learning

B．business etiquette D．cultural difference

答案 C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的网址可知，这是个学习英语的网站。]

B

It began as a simple request emailed to the circulation department of the Rochester, N．Y.，Democrat & Chronicle newspaper：

I am writing to ask to be put in touch with the person who, until recently, delivered my mom’s paper.My mom had passed away and her delivery person was always so caring about putting the paper where she could easily get it.Please facilitate if possible.

After a few exchanges in which I was asked to provide further information, I received this reply, to which I mentally replied as I read：

Thank you for contacting the Democrat & Chronicle.We appreciate your business and apologize that you are experiencing an issue with paper placement. (Huh？) I understand how that could be very frustrating. (Well, I’m sure it can be，but I am not frustrated.I am more than pleased.) I have provided updated delivery instructions for our carrier to ensure proper delivery going forward.(Uh, I canceled the paper weeks ago.)I have also warned the home delivery staff and District Manager on the route...

Please let us know if you have any additional questions. (Yes, I would like the carrier’s name, per my email！)

It was signed by an “account specialist” who offered to communicate with me via chat, email, or phone.

It was quite clear that no human being had read my request.My email had simply been fed into the queue of delivery complaints the D&C deals with daily.

How things have changed since the early 1970s, when I and a group of young people had manned a circle of phones at that newspaper, fielding complaints and offering personal apologies for misdeliveries, and then ordering a replacement paper to be dropped off at once.

But now I was being brushed off by an automaton (自动机器), my compliment twisted into a complaint, my question unanswered.

My younger brother—a former paperboy for our local newspaper—offered to step in.He emailed the parent company’s general manager, and it worked.I got a call from the carrier himself and thanked him for his great service.I told him a check would be in the mail—Mom would have wanted that.

【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者想要与母亲的送报员取得联系并表达感激之情，却被自动回复的机器误解为要投诉。 4．What is the purpose of the author’s emails? A．To apologize to the delivery staff. B．To thank her mom’s delivery person. C．To make complaints about the newspaper. D．To get the general manager’s email address.

答案 B [推理判断题。由第二段可知，作者称赞母亲的送报员提供的周到的服务。再由最后一段中的thanked him for his great service.I told him a check would be in the mail可推断，作者写邮件是为了感谢母亲的送报员。] 5．How was the account specialist’s service? A．Impolite. C．Considerate.

B．Efficient. D．Unsatisfying.

答案 D [推理判断题。由第四段可知，所谓的“客户专员”完全弄错了作者的意思，误以为作者发的是投诉邮件。作者与之反复沟通后仍没有得到想要的答复。故其服务是不令人满意的。]

6．Which can best replace the underlined word“fielding” in the text? A．Making. C．Responding to.

B．Ignoring. D．Suffering from.

答案 C [词义猜测题。上文讲自动答复的机器一再曲解作者的意思，令作者回

忆起自己年轻时在报社的售后服务部门回应投诉、向顾客致歉并采取补救措施的经历。故划线词的意思应该是“回应、处理”。] 7．How did the author get her answer finally? A．By meeting the general manager. B．By calling the related departments.

C．By sending more emails to the circulation department. D．By allowing her brother to contact the general manager.

答案 D [细节理解题。由最后一段可知，作者的弟弟直接给报社的总经理发邮件才解决了问题。]

C

The International Day of Disabled Persons，an international observance declared by the United Nations since 1992，is observed on December 3，aiming to promote an understanding of disability issues and get support for the rights of people with disabilities.The day takes place annually and focuses on a different issue each year.In South Africa，December 3 also marks the beginning of the Disability Awareness Month.

Since the first celebration，people with disabilities have gained recognition of their rights by States across the globe and of their rightful place in society.But there is still much work ahead of us to turn those legal rights into a true revolution，in which diversity is fully accepted and lived.

The estimated one billion people living with disabilities worldwide face many obstructions of inclusion in many key aspects of society.As a result，people with disabilities can’t enjoy the equal rights as normal people，which include employment，

education as well as social and political participation.The right to participate in public life is essential to create stable democracies (民主国家)，active citizenship and reduce inequalities in society.

In many cases，people with disabilities must be able to fulfill their role in society.It is important to focus on the ability and not on the disability of an individual.It is important to note that disability is part of the human condition，and that all of us either are or will become disabled to one degree or another during the course of our lives.

By promoting empowerment (授权)，real opportunities for disabled people are created.This supports them in setting their own priorities.Empowerment involves investing in them—in jobs，health，nutrition，education，and social protection.When disabled people are empowered they are better prepared to take advantage of opportunities，and they can more readily accept their civic responsibilities.

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。12月3日是“国际残疾人日”，它旨在促进人们对残疾问题的理解，动员人们支持和维护残疾人的权利。 8．What is the International Day of Disabled Persons meant for? A．To raise money for the disabled. B．To stress the value of the disabled. C．To make an international celebration.

D．To make able－bodied people care about the disabled.

答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...aiming to promote an understanding of disability issues and get support for the rights of people with disabilities”可知，国际残疾人日的目的是促进人们对残疾问题的了解，并争取人们对残疾人权利的支持，故选D。]

9．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Chances. C．Types.

B．Barriers. D．Regrets.

答案 B [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The estimated one billion people...people with disabilities can’t enjoy the equal rights as normal people”可知，据估计，世界上有十亿残疾人面临着融入社会生活的诸多重要方面的障碍，故选B。]

10．What is the main problem for disabled people? A．Their number is too large. B．Few of them seek legal rights. C．They can’t be fully accepted by society. D．They think poorly of their role in society.

答案 C [推理判断题。根据第三、四段的内容可知，残疾人不能享受与正常人一样的平等权利，人们往往只看到了他们的残疾，而忽视了他们的能力，由此可知，他们没有完全被社会接受，故选C。] 11．What is indicated in the last paragraph? A．The author is worried about the disabled. B．The disabled will have a brighter future. C．What society has done is far from enough. D．The disabled must fight hard for their rights.

答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By promoting empowerment (授权)．..This supports them in setting their own priorities”“When disabled people are empowered they are better prepared to take advantage of opportunities，and they can more readily accept their civic responsibilities”可知，通过赋予残疾人他们应有的权利，我们可以创造出真正有益于他们的机会，他们也能更好地为利用这些机会做准备，并乐意承担他们的公民义务。由此可知残疾人的明天会更好。]