专业英语四级(完形填空)模拟试卷296(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（完形填空）模拟试卷296 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. CLOZE

PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.

A. abuse B. award C. badly D. compliments E. correlation F. expressive G. generously H. institutionalized I. practice J. rated K. replaced L. reserved M. reward N. undermined O. variability In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans hate the 【C1】______. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both 【C2】______ the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful functions. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The 【C3】______ between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the 【C4】______ in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who【C5】______a meal as “excellent” still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become 【C6】______: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean 【C7】______ from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary (任意的)tipping is being 【C8】______ by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. How to account for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper’s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert (外向的), sociable tend to tip more. And, says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are outgoing and 【C9】______, tipping is about social approval. If you tip 【C10】______ people think less of you.” Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion, no doubt.

1． 【C1】

正确答案：I

解析：the提示空格处填入名词。此处the表示已提到的人或物，上一句提到给小费(tipping)，可见民意调查与给小费有关，名词practice“做法”符合语义，故选I。 知识模块：完形

2． 【C2】

正确答案：M

解析：空格处需填入及物动词作谓语，时态与并列谓语reduce保持一致。词库中reward“奖励(行动、品质等)”，可与efforts搭配，填入句子意为“小费奖赏优质服务”，符合文意，故选M。award通常指官方或组织机构把钱财或奖项颁发给某人，如award sb．the first prize“授予某人一等奖”，此处语境使用award不恰当，故排除。 知识模块：完形

3． 【C3】

正确答案：E

解析：The提示空格处填入名词。冒号后是对空格所在句的解释，这里提到小费只有很小一部分与服务质量有关。由此可知空格处讲述小费的数量和服务质量的关系，词库中correlation“关联”符合语义，故选E。 知识模块：完形

4． 【C4】

正确答案：O

解析：the提示空格处需填入名词。小费的数额(the size of the tip)因人而异，variability“变化性”代入句中，意为“小费数量的差异中只有很小一部分与服务质量有关”，与上下文语义连贯，故选O。 知识模块：完形

5． 【C5】

正确答案：J

解析：空格所在的由who引导的定语从句缺少谓语，空格处需填入动词，且可与as搭配。用餐体验需由消费者进行“评判”，rated“评价”符合语义，rate．．．as．．．意为“把……评价为……”，故选J。 知识模块：完形

6． 【C6】

正确答案：H

解析：空格前为系动词become，空格处可填入形容词或名词作表语。后半句提到，它被视为人们广为接受的一部分服务成本(the accepted cost of a service)，说明这种做法已固定下来了，词库中的形容词institutionalized“成为惯例的”符合语义，故选H。 知识模块：完形

7． 【C7】

正确答案：A

解析：空格前为动词mean，空格后为介词短语from the waiter，空格处需填入名词作宾语。上一句谈到，在美国给小费已被广为接受，由此推断“没有支付至少15％的小费”会导致不好的结果，填入的名词应含消极的意义，abuse“辱骂”符合语境，故选A。compliments“奉承，恭维”为反向干扰，可排除。 知识模块：完形

8． 【C8】

正确答案：K

解析：is being和by…提示空格处应填入动词的过去分词，构成现在进行时的被动语态。上一分句提到，在欧洲付小费没有那么普遍(less common)；由此可知，“标准服务价格”替代了“随意支付小费”，填入的动词应含“取代，替代”之意，replaced符合语义，故选K。reserved“预订”和undermined“破坏”代入句中，语义不通，可排除。 知识模块：完形

9． 【C9】

正确答案：F 解析：and连接空格和形容词outgoing“外向的”，空格处需填入能与outgoing并列的形容词，表明美国人的性格特点。reserved“含蓄的”与outgoing相矛盾，可排除；expressive“富于表现力的”与outgoing意思接近，也与上一句中extrovert，sociable呼应，故选F项。 知识模块：完形

10． 【C10】

正确答案：C

解析：空格处可填入副词，修饰动词tip；也可填入名词，作动词tip的宾语。前一句提到tipping is about social approval“支付小费和社会认可有关”，故推断people think less of you“人们就会看轻你”可能是没有付足小费，badly符合语义，故选C。generously“慷慨地”语义与think less of you矛盾，可排除。 知识模块：完形

A. confidently B. delay C. exceeds D. excels E. fertile F. fulfilled G. independently H. numerous I. persists J. prominent K. proper L. responsibility M. uncountable N. versatile O. victims Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child. There are 【C1】______ reasons for making an adoption plan. Birth parents may feel they cannot take on the 【C2】______ of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide 【C3】______ care. They do not feel ready or able to be good parents. In other cases children are in need of adoption because courts have decided that their birth parents are unable to function adequately. Many of these children are 【C4】______ of abuse or neglect. Regardless of how children come to need adoption, they are put with adoptive parents through private or public social service agencies. Other adoptions may be arranged 【C5】______, as when birth parents and adoptive parents come to know each other outside of an agency and then complete the adoption according to the laws and regulations of their states of residence. In the early 1970s there was a dramatic increase in the number of families seeking to adopt, a condition which 【C6】______today. For this reason, the

number of those who wish to adopt regularly 【C7】______ the number of infants available. Reasons for this dramatic increase are varied. A major factor has been the choice of many people to 【C8】______ the start of a family until later in life. Many of these people, in turn, have found themselves to be less 【C9】______ at that time, so they have decided that their desire to have children might best be 【C10】______ through adoption.

11． 【C1】

正确答案：H

解析：空格处可填入名词或形容词，修饰reasons。本段提到制定收养计划的一个原因，下一段提到了其他的原因，numerous“许多的”符合此处语义，指“多种原因导致收养计划的制定”。uncountable意为“不可数的”，此处并非强调原因数不尽，因此排除。 知识模块：完形

12． 【C2】

正确答案：L

解析：空格位于定冠词the和介词of之间，可知空格填入名词。南原因状语从句“可能由于太年轻或在经济上、感情上不能……”可知，亲生父母可能担负不起抚养一个计划外的孩子，词库中responsibility“责任”符合语义，take on the responsibility of．．．意为“承担……的责任”，故选L。 知识模块：完形

13． 【C3】

正确答案：K 解析：空格处可填入名词或形容词修饰care。由句中financially or emotionally unable可知，这些亲生父母无法为孩子提供恰当的照顾。词库中proper“适当的”符合语义，故选K。 知识模块：完形

14． 【C4】

正确答案：O

解析：根据空格后of判断此处填入名词。abuse and neglect“虐待和忽视”提示空格处应填入表消积意义的名词，词库中victims“受害者”，符合上下文语义，故选O。 知识模块：完形

15． 【C5】

正确答案：G

解析：空格处应填入副词。修饰动词arranged。句中提到，亲身父母与养父母不需要通过中介，按照法律完成收养事宜，independently“独立地”符合语义，表示“收养关系由当事人自行安排”，故选G。 知识模块：完形

16． 【C6】

正确答案：I

解析：空格所在定语从句缺少谓语，先行词为a condition，故填入动词的第三人称单数形式。词库中exceeds，excels和persists可作为备选。persists代入句子，意为“意欲收养孩子的家庭数量激增，这种情况持续到现在”，句意通顺，故选I。exceeds“超过”和excels“擅长”代入句子，语义不通，可排除。 知识模块：完形

17． 【C7】

正确答案：C

解析：空格所在主句缺少谓语，主语为the number of those，故空格填入动词的第三人称单数形式。this reason指上一句提到的“意欲收养孩子的家庭数量激增”，由此可推知想要收养孩子的家庭多，而可被收养的婴儿少。词库中exceeds可表示在数量上“超过”，符合语义，故选C。excel一般指在某方面超过他人，因此排除。 知识模块：完形

18． 【C8】

正确答案：B 解析：空格前的不定式标志to表明此处填入动词原形。词库中只有delay“延期，耽搁”符合要求，表示“许多人选择延迟成家”，故选B。 知识模块：完形

19． 【C9】

正确答案：E

解析：根据空格前的比较级标志less可知空格填入形容词。空格后面提到，想要小孩只能通过收养。根据常识可判断，年龄大就不容易生育了，fertile“能生育的”符合语义，故选E。 知识模块：完形

20． 【C10】

正确答案：F

解析：空格处位于be后，故可填入形容词作表语，也可填入过去分词构成被动语态。宾语从句的主语为their desire“愿望”，词库中能与之搭配的只有fulfilled“实现”，填入句子意为“他们想要孩子的愿望只能通过收养实现”，符合上下文语义，故选F。 知识模块：完形