英文翻译3

Culture Shock

When a person moves from one culture to another, he suddenly finds that much of what he has learned about interpreting the actions of people around him is suddenly irrelevant. He finds that the strategies he has used to influence people or events in certain ways are no longer effective, and the assumptions that guided his understandings and reactions are no longer reliable. Even distinguishing between the significant and the insignificant in a given situation becomes difficult, if not inpossible. This sudden psychological transition from competent adult to ineffective child inevitably results in the serious inpact of the individual’s feelings of self-worth. He experiences feelings of frustration and helplessness.In short,he experiences culture shock.

Culture shock is the result of the removal of the familiar. Suddenly the individual is faced with the necessity of working, commuting, studying, eating, shopping, relaxing, and even sleeping, in an unfamiliar environment organized according to unknown rules. In mild rorm,culture shock shows itself in symptoms of fatigue,irritability and impatience, Being unable to interpret the situations in which they find themselves, people often believe they are being deliberately deceived or exploited by host-country nationals. They tend to perceive rudeness where none is intended. Their efficiency and flexibility is often impaired and both work and family suffer.Some people may respond by developing negative

stereotypes of the host culture, by refusing to learn the language and by mixing

exclusively

with

people

of

their

own

cultural

background.Inextreme cases, rejection may be so complete that the individual returns immediately to their own culture,regardless lf the cost in social, economic or personal terms. Alternatively, people may retreat into their own private world,either mentally or physically.

Physical symptoms of culture shock may include headaches, stomachaches, constant fatigue,difficulty in sleeping and a general feeling of uneasiness. Unfortunately, many doctors are unfamiliar with culture shock and attempt to treat the symptoms rather than the cause.

The important thing to recognize about culture shock is that it it universal. It is experienced to a greater or lesser degree by all those who move from one culture to another. Experiencing culture shock does not mean that an individual is inflexible or inadaptable. It does mean that recognition of its inevitability can lead to the development of steps to reduce its impact.

文化冲击

当一个人从一种文明到另一种文明，他会立即发现他所学习的行为的解释突然变得不同。他发现过去影响人或事的策略不再有效，指引她的理解力和反应也不在可靠。甚至在一定形式下区别重要的或是不重要的事情也变得困难，不可能。

心里的转变 是人不可比避免的受到冲击，影响个人价值，他感到挫败无助，简而言之，他感觉到了文化冲击是从熟悉的环境迁移的结果。个人要突然面对必须的工作，转换，学习，吃饭，购物，放松或是睡觉，根据不知道的规则在一个不熟悉的环境。文化冲击的征兆有疲劳，易怒，性急。他们找不到自己的位置他们感觉到欺骗，他们感觉到无礼但没有人是故意的。她们的工作家庭的效率和适应经常遭受到损害。

一些人会感觉到消极，拒绝去学习语言，并排斥别人的文化背景，人们退却到自己私人的

世界，不管是心里还是生理。

文化冲击生理上的征兆包括头痛，胃痛，不变的疲劳，不易睡着。不幸的是，许多医生不熟悉文化冲击，只是尝试处理生理反应而不是去找原因。 最重要的是文化冲击是普遍性的，程度有深有浅，文化冲击并不代表一个人是肯定不适应的，它的意思是承认它无法逃避可以指引发展的步骤来减少冲突