助动词的用法

1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（AuxiliaryVerb），被协助的动词称作主要动词（MainVerb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。（doesn’t是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）

2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a.表示时态，例如：Heissinging.他在唱歌。Hehasgotmarried.他已结婚。B.表示语态，例如：HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。

c.构成疑问句，例如：Doyoulikecollegelife？你喜欢大学生活吗？

d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：Idon’tlikehim.我不喜欢他。

e.加强语气，例如：Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。3）最常用的助动词有：be，have，do，shall，will，should，would助动词be的用法

1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：Theyarehavingameeting.他们正在开会。

2）be+过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom……窗户是汤姆打碎的。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：

a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.我们要教新生。说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

B.表示命令，例如：Youaretoexplainthis.对此你要做出解释。c.征求意见，例如：HowamItoanswerhim？我该怎样答复他？

d.表示相约、商定，例如：Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.

我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

助动词have的用法

1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：

EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。助动词do的用法

1）构成一般疑问句，例如：DoyouwanttopasstheCET？你想通过大学英语测试吗？2）do+not构成否定句，例如：Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评。3）构成否定祈使句，例如：Don’tgothere.不要去那里。构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does.

4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：Idomissyou.我确实想你。

5）用于倒装句，例如：NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我从未听说过这样的事情。说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never，seldom，rarely，little，only，so，well等。

6）用作代动词，例如：—DoyoulikeBeijing？—你喜欢北京吗？—Yes，Ido.—是的，喜欢。

（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，

例如：IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我将更加努力地学习英语。

HewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。

说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤

其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，

试比较：Heshallcome.他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）Hewillcome.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

助动词should，would的用法

1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比较：“WhatshallIdonextweek？”Iasked.(可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should.）

2）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。比较：“Iwillgo，”hesaid.他说：“我要去那儿。”

变成间接引语，就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的will变成would，go变成了come.

【专项练习】

1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,he______earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseD.wouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.A.don’t/hadB.didn’t/haveC.didn’t/hadD.don’t/have5.______youthinkhe______backbydinnertime?A.Do/havecomeB.Did/willhavecomeC.Does/willcomeD.Do/willhavecome6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe______forthebus.A.wasruningB.wasrunningC.wererunningD.isrunning7.Nosooner______hearrivedhomethanhe______tostartonanotherjourney.A.has/wasaskedB.have/wereaskedC.had/isaskedD.had/wasasked8.“______yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May9.Therearenineofthem,so______getintothecaratthesametime.A.theymaynotatallB.alltheymaynotC.theycan’tallD.alltheycan’t10.“Wedidn’tseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He______it.”

A.mustn’tattendB.cannothaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedD.needn’thaveattended11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,don’tyou?”“No,officer.I______.Thiscarcan’tdomorethan80.”

A.didn’tneedtobeB.maynothavebeenC.couldn’thavebeenD.needn’thavebeen12.hewasagoodrunnersohe______escapefromthepolice.A.mightB.succeededtoC.wouldD.wasableto13.Ifthey______,ourplanwillfallflat.A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operatedC.won’tco-operateD.didn’tco-operate14.Ihoped____myletter.A.hertoanswerB.thatshewouldanswerC.thatsheanswersD.Heranswering15.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.prefersB.likestoC.hadbetterD.wouldrather16.______toseeafilmwithustoday?A.DidyoulikeB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikeD.Haveyouliked17.I’msorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply______whatIdiD.A.mustdoB.hadtodoC.oughttohavedoneD.havetodo18.“Timeisrunningout,______?”A.hadn’twebettergotstartB.hadn’twebettergetstartC.hadn’twebettergetstartedD.hadn’twebetternotstarted19.Noone______thattohisface.A.daressayB.daressayingC.daresayD.daretosay20.Thestudentsintheclassroom______nottomakesomuchnoise.A.needB.oughtC.mustD.dare21.You______lastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.A.oughttocomeB.oughttobecomingC.oughthavecomeD.oughttohavecome22.Theelephantsought______hoursagobythekeepers.A.tobefedB.tofeedC.tobeingfedD.tohavebeenfed23.“Iwonderwhythey’relate.”“They______thetrain.”A.canhavemissedB.couldmissC.mayhavemissedD.mightmiss

24.“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“He_____havebeenanoutstandingstudent.”A.mustB.couldC.shouldD.might25.You______theexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypassedit.A.needn’thavetakenB.didn’tneedtotakeC.needn’ttakeD.mustn’ttake26.Heisreallyincompetent!Theletter______yesterday.A.shouldbefinishedtypingB.mustbefinishedtypingC.musthavefinishedtypingD.shouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27.Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.A.becomeB.tobecomeC.becomingD.became28.Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe______.A.needednottohurryB.needn’thavehurriedC.neednottohavehurriedD.didn’tneedtohurry

29.Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend,_____youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?A.willB.won’tC.wouldn’tD.do30.Hewasafraidwhathehaddone______adisastrouseffectonhiscareer.A.mighthaveB.couldbeC.havebeenD.shallbe31.He______hardlysayanythingmore,sinceyouknowaboutit.A.don’tneedtoB.needn’tC.needsD.need32.You______thelookonhisfacewhenhewontheprize.A.wouldhaveseenB.shouldhaveseenC.mustseeD.canbeseeing33.Somepeoplethinkthestockmarketwillcrash,but______.A.IwonderifithappensB.IdoubtifitwillhappenC.Iamafraiditwouldn’thappenD.Idoubtifitdoeshappen34.“WhateverhashappenedtoGeorge?”“Idon’tknow.He______lost.”A.canhavegotB.mayhavegotC.mightgetD.couldget35.Hehasnoideawhatthebookisabout.He______readthebook.A.couldn’tB.couldn’thaveC.mightn’thaveD.shouldn’thave36.NewstudiesshowthattwoofSaturn’srings______longerthanthe4.5billionyearssincethebirthoftheSolarSystem.

A.couldhavelastedB.shouldhavelastedC.wouldhavelastedD.mustbelasting37.Takethetelescopewithyouincaseyou______itinyourexpedition.A.willneedB.wouldneedC.shouldneedD.couldneed38.Needhecomeatonce?Yes,he______.A.mustB.mustnotC.needD.may39.Pleaseanswerthephone.It______bebyyourfather.Ifitis,wouldyoutellthatIwanttoseehim?A.willB.ShouldC.WouldD.could40.We’llnevergiveinwhateverthey______sayordo.A.mayB.willC.shallD.should41.Withallthisworkonhand,he______tothecinemalastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.wouldn’tgoC.oughtn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone42.Everyone______thecakebecausetherewasn’tevenasmallpieceleft.A.mustlikeB.musthavelikedC.musthavebeenlikingD.hadliked43.IwishtorecgllectwhereImether,______?A.wouldIB.mayIC.maynotID.canI44.I______thinkhewill______daretherisk.A.not/..B.do/notC.../notD.don’t/..45.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,it______beactive.A.maynotB.mustC.mightD.isnot46.You______yourseatstodayifyouwanttogotothegame.

A.hadbettertoreserveB.hadbetterreserveC.hadtobetterreserveD.hadtoreservebetter47.I______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.A.wouldrathernothaveB.wouldnotratherhadC.ratherwouldnothaveD.rathernotwouldhave

48.Manyscientists______theirowneyesandearsthanthetheoriesoftheancients.

A.wouldrathertobelieveB.wouldratherbelieveC.ratherwouldbelieveD.willratherbelieve

49.TotravelfromEnglandtoScotlandyou______apassport.A.haven’tgotB.mustn’thaveC.needn’tD.don’tneed50.Oneofthestatements______tobeuntrue.A.isturnedoutB.hasturnedoutC.havebeenturnedoutD.haveturnedout51.Idon’tknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifit______rain,Ishallstayathome.A.willB.didC.doesD.shall52.“You’dlikesometea,______?”A.wouldn’tyouB.shouldn’tyouC.hadn’tyouD.didn’tyou53.“Maywetakethebooksout?”A.No,youmaynotB.No,youcannotC.No,youcan’tD.Pleasedon’t54.“Iwouldhavecomesooner,butI______thatyouwerewaiting.”A.didn’tknowB.hasn’tknownC.hadn’tknowD.haven’tknown55.Ifyoudon’twantto,you______togettherewithus.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.don’thaveD.havenot56.IwouldgotovisitthembutI______thinktheyareanxioustoseeme.A.haven’tB.don’tC.doesn’tD.didn’t57.Whateveryoucando,______.A.IcandosoaswellB.IcandothisaswellC.IcandoitaswellD.Icandoaswell58._____-IrealizedtheconsequencesIwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.A.HadB.HaveC.HavingD.Has59.“PerhapssheisworkingforJohn.”“Yes,she______forhim.”

A.needhavebeenworkingB.maybeworkingC.oughthavebeenworkingD.oughtbeworking60.“IknowshewasinbecauseIheardherradio,butshedidn’topenthedoor.”“She_thebell.”

A.maynotbehearingB.maynothaveheardC.mustnothaveheardD.mustnotbehearing61.“Hewassmoking.”“Thenhe______.”A.oughttohavebeennotsmokingB.oughttohavenotbeensmokingC.oughtnottohavebeensmokingD.oughttonothavebeensmoking62.You______outyesterdaywithoutacoat.Nowonderyoucaughtcold.

A.oughtn’thavegoneB.shouldn’thavegoneC.mustn’thavegoneD.can’thavegone63.“Paulwasridingabicyclealongthemotorwaywhenhewashitbythetrailerofalorry.”“He_____abicyclealongthemotorway;bicyclesarenotallowed.”A.shouldn’thavebeenridingB.couldn’thavebeenridingC.oughtn’thavebeenridingD.can’thavebeenriding64.Iamlistening.Butyou______.

A.needbelisteningB.shouldbelisteningC.needhavebeenlisteningD.oughtbelistening65.He______withuslastnight.A.wouldhavelikedtogoB.shouldliketobegoingC.shouldbelikedtogoD.wouldliketogo66.I______hisfacewhenheopenedtheletter.A.shouldlikeyoutoseeB.wouldhavelikedyoutobeseenC.shouldlikeyoutohaveseenD.wouldlikeyoutosee67.Yousayyou______doit,butIsayyou______doit.A.oughtnot/couldB.willnot/shallC.couldnot/needD.shallnot/ought68.We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.A.canaswellB.willaswellC.shallaswellD.mayaswell69.______windyourwatcheveryday?A.DoyouneedB.MustyouhavetoC.HaveyoutoD.Doyouhaveto70.______givehimachancetotry?A.Oughtn’ttoweB.Oughtn’twetoC.OughttowenotD.Oughtn’twe71.“Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?”“______”

A.I’drathernotdoB.I’dnotratherdoC.I’dbetternotdoD.I’drathernotdoing72.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.A.hadB.HaveC.togetD.tohave73.Mysisterdidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe__thebabyforherfrienduntil9:30.A.musthavelookedafterB.wouldhavetolookafterC.hadtolookafterD.shouldhavelookedafter74.Maryisverylate,she______.A.maymisshertrainB.mayhavemissedhertrainC.mustmisshertrainD.couldmisshertrain75.Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,he______tohisownviews.

A.wouldalwaysstickB.willalwaysstickC.shouldalwaysstickD.mustalwaysstickto76.It’swonderfulthatyou______haveachievedsomuchintheseyears.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would77.Thestudentsaskedwhetherhe______takethebooksoutofthereading-room.A.couldB.mightC.ShouldD.would78.He______stillbethinkingaboutthequestionyouraised.A.mayB.mightC.mustD.should79.I’dbegladifyou______givemeanaccountofthefact.A.shallB.shouldC.wouldD.may80.He______accomplishthetaskintime.A.didB.hasC.isD.do助动词练习答案1-5BDACD6-10BDBCB11-15CDCBD16-20BBCCB21-25DDCAB26-30DABCA31-35DBBBB36-40ACADA41-45DBBDB46-50BABDB51-55CADAC56-60BDABB61-65CBABA66-70CBDDB71-75ABCBB76-80CABCA