石钟山记

　　【教学目标 】

　　理解：①作者不轻信旧说，有疑必察的精神和强调实践，反对主观臆断的态度；

　　②郦说、李说和苏说的联系与区别。

　　积累：①掌握“鼓”、“殆”、“莫”、“发”、“何”多义词的意义；

　　②了解虚词“而”的常见用法；

　　③了解宾语前置句的结构特点。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp鉴赏：分析本文与《游褒禅山记》的异同点。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp运用：培养诵读习惯。

　　【教学课时】

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp两课时。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp第&nbsp&nbsp一&nbsp&nbsp课&nbsp&nbsp时

　　【教学步骤 】

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1、交待学习任务

　　①&nbsp熟悉课文；②理清结构，初步理解内容。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2、朗读课文（各种读法）

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3、翻译课文

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4、理清结构（板书）

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏郦说&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp人常疑之

　　考察缘起，怀疑前人解释┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp疑

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗李说&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp余尤疑之&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp↓

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏游━寺僧扣石━笑而不信&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp笑

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏（静）大石侧立┓噌&nbsp&nbsp┓&nbsp&nbsp↓

　　考察经过，查实命名原因┃夜察┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp坎┃如乐作焉

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗（动）栖鹘颧鹤┛镗&nbsp&nbsp┛&nbsp&nbsp↓

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗释疑&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp笑

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏郦元&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp简&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp叹

　　考察感想，不可臆断有无┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp↓

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp↓&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗李渤&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp陋&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp笑

　　&nbsp注重调查

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp5、熟读课文。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp第&nbsp&nbsp二&nbsp&nbsp课&nbsp&nbsp时

　　【教学步骤 】

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1、诵读、翻译课文

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2、落实文言知识

　　（板书）

　　词类活用&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp实词&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp虚词

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp之

　　不能鸣（名词的使动用法）也&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp莫，“暮”&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp焉

　　以钟名（命名，名词用做动词）&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp得（能）观&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp而

　　舟（名词用做状语）行&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp所以

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp特殊句式

　　得双石于潭上&nbsp&nbsp（介词结构作补语）

　　石之铿然有声者（定语后置）

　　不余欺也&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp（宾语前置）

　　者……也……&nbsp&nbsp（判断句）

　　是以（因此）&nbsp&nbsp（宾语前置）

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3、作者认为，世人不明白石钟山命名由来的原因有哪些？

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp①言之不详，人常疑之；②不肯夜泊，故莫能知；③虽知而莫能言；④斧斤考击，以讹传讹。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4、完成习题。

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp5、比较两文（完成第二题）

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp体裁&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp内容&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp结构&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp表达方式

　　同：借游记，&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp即事&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp照应&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp叙议

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp谈感想&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp明理&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp连贯&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp结合

　　异：重感，立论&nbsp&nbsp叹、感&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp叙议交错&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp叙议并重（政治家特征）

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp重辨，驳论&nbsp&nbsp释、感&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp议－叙－议&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp描写抒情（文学家本色）

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp↓

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp乘兴而来，有叹而归，感想有二

　　&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp有疑而来，疑释而归，见解归一

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